ⅷ、過(guò)去完成時(shí)
由"had+過(guò)去分詞"構(gòu)成該時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ),各人稱都一樣。
表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作,這個(gè)表示到過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻為止的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常用by, before等介詞或連詞引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或從句來(lái)表示。
e.g. by the end of july last year, i had worked （工作）for forty years.
注意：
e.g. i was told(告訴) that（銀行） had been robbed（搶劫）. the bank
含有after, as soon as, before等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，由于連詞本身已明確動(dòng)作發(fā)生的次序,所以,這個(gè)從句也可以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示，不用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如：
e.g. students went out after（響）. 鈴響后同學(xué)們出去了 the bell rang
e.g. i informed him of the progress of the work as soon as i arrived here
我一到這里就把工作進(jìn)程告訴了他。
練習(xí)與體會(huì)：
（綜合c級(jí)：the cherokee nation）
the cherokees refused（拒絕） to go（離去）. they had lived （生活）on their lands for centuries.
when the last group arrived in(到達(dá)) their new home（家園） in march 1839, more than 4,000 had died（死）.
提示:相臨句子之間的時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系在解題中的巧妙運(yùn)用
2005年職稱英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類／綜合類c補(bǔ)全短文考題:
from caribbean islands加勒比海海島
(第3段) the caribbean islands form a chain that（島嶼） were formed by the eruption (爆發(fā)) of ancient（古代的） volcanoes (火山). ___(46)__. separates the caribbean sea from the rest of the atlantic ocean. some of the islands
a. but life on the caribbean islands is not always painful.
b. the earliest name used by europeans is the indies
c. others are low-lying coral islands that gradually rose from the ocean.
d. they are cuba, puerto rico, jamaica, and hispaniola
e. many tourists arrive on cruise ships.
f. there are countless small islands to bury treasure（財(cái)寶） or hide（獸皮） on
46. c。 分析: 利用時(shí)態(tài)作為直接的答案線索.空格前句使用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài), 根據(jù)文章中前后句使用時(shí)態(tài)通常一致(除非句子中帶有特別的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)), 所以推測(cè)空格處的句子時(shí)態(tài)很可能也是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài), 或過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的某一種. 因?yàn)榕袛嘀挥衏最可能是答案(只有c中出現(xiàn)了過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)). 空格前面出現(xiàn)了代詞some(some指“一些島嶼”)， some往往和 others形成一種呼應(yīng)結(jié)構(gòu)， 而c中就出現(xiàn)了others， 而且c中的others也是指“島嶼”，因此肯定了c是答案。