構(gòu)成 have /has +v 過(guò)去分詞
1基本用法:
① 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常用來(lái)表示一持續(xù)的動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài),也可以表示某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響,常常和just剛剛,already已經(jīng),yet還,recently近來(lái),ever曾經(jīng),never決不,從不,still仍然,up to now 到目前為止,等一些詞語(yǔ)連用。譯成“已經(jīng),一直”
e.g. the rain has already stopped. 雨已經(jīng)停了。
i have never broken my word. 我從來(lái)沒(méi)有違背過(guò)自己的諾言。
he still hasn’t finished his work. 他的工作還沒(méi)有干完。
② 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,但這一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響
e.g. i have got a letter from my aunt. 我收到姑媽一封信。
the lift has broken down . 電梯壞了。
they have taken the injured people to hospital. 他們已經(jīng)把傷員送到了醫(yī)院。
③常和for 及since 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)或者 how long 連用(v大多都是無(wú)限動(dòng)詞,live ,study ,teach ,wait 等)
e.g. i haven’t seen you for ages. 我們好久沒(méi)有見面了
we’ve lived here for ten years. 我們?cè)谶@里住了十年了。
they haven’t seen me since july. 七月以來(lái),他們就沒(méi)有見過(guò)我。
how long have you known her? 你認(rèn)識(shí)他多久了?
④常和since 引導(dǎo)的一些從今連用,譯成“自從-----”(主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。)
e.g. i have learned a lot from him since i knew him. 自從我和他認(rèn)識(shí)以來(lái),我從他那里學(xué)到了好多東西。
you haven’t changed much since we last met. 自我上次見到你之后,你沒(méi)有太多的變化。
2 構(gòu)成:
①肯定形式 :主語(yǔ)是第三人稱, has +v過(guò)去分詞 其他 :have +v 過(guò)去分詞
②否定形式: 主語(yǔ)是第三人稱, has+not +v過(guò)去分詞 其他 :have+not +v 過(guò)去分詞
③疑問(wèn)形式: 把have/has 提前就可以了 have/has +主語(yǔ)+v過(guò)去分詞
mary has made up her mind 下定決心not to go to the meeting 參加會(huì)議
mary hasn’t made up her mind not to go to the meeting
has mary made up her mind not to go to the meeting?
since自從――以來(lái) ancient times遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)代的 people have found various 多樣的ways 方法to preserve 保存meat肉。
since ancient times people haven’t found various ways to preserve meat.
have since ancient times people found various ways to preserve存meat?
3 have gone to 和have been to 的區(qū)別
have gone to 表示“去某地了”,而且現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有回來(lái)
e.g. the children have gone to the zoo. 孩子們?nèi)?dòng)物園了。(現(xiàn)在他們還在哪里,沒(méi)有回來(lái))
have been to 表示“到過(guò) /去過(guò)某地” 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了。
e.g. i’ve been to europe several times. 我去過(guò)歐洲好幾次了。(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)。)
練習(xí):09年理工類衛(wèi)生類閱讀理解
1 the spanish government西班牙政府 is so worried about 擔(dān)心the number of young adults still living居住 with their parents父母 that it has decided to help them leave the nest.窩,巢。
2 economists 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家blame 指責(zé)責(zé)備young people's family dependence on依靠 the precarious (不穩(wěn)定性)labour market 勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)and increasing漸增的 housing prices.房子價(jià)格 housing prices have risen 上升17 percent百分之 a year since 2000 years.