6.作補(bǔ)足語
有賓語補(bǔ)足語和主語補(bǔ)足語兩種。
1)作賓語補(bǔ)足語
有一些及物動(dòng)詞除跟賓語外,還需要有一個(gè)成分作邏輯上的補(bǔ)充說明,使得賓語的狀態(tài)或行為或特征等的意思完整。這個(gè)成分稱為補(bǔ)足語,用于說明賓語,因此稱賓語補(bǔ)足語。不定式可作賓語補(bǔ)足語,如:
many parents allow their children to make their own decisions.
注:
① 通常要求帶帶有“to”的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有:advise(建議, 勸告), allow(允許), ask(要求), cause(造成), consider(認(rèn)為), expect(期望), find(發(fā)現(xiàn),認(rèn)為), imagine(想象), tell(命令, 告誡), want(想要), wish(希望)等
② 要求不帶“to”的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞(一般為表示“感覺”或“使役”的動(dòng)詞)有: have(讓, 使), hear(聽到), let(讓), make(使), notice(注意到), see(看), watch(注視,看), listen to(聽), look at(看)
i saw two men have a quarrel with a woman just now. 剛才我看見兩個(gè)男人與一個(gè)女人發(fā)生了爭吵。
③ help后面的作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式帶“to”或不帶“to”都可以。
i help mary wash her clothes. 我?guī)椭旣愊匆路?/font>
i help mary to wash her clothes. 我?guī)椭旣愊匆路?/font>
2)作主語補(bǔ)足語
帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),賓語成了主語,賓語補(bǔ)足語也就相應(yīng)地成為主語補(bǔ)足語。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式用作主語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),一律要用帶“to”的形式。如:
their children are allowed to make their own decisions.
ⅲ不定式的邏輯主語
如要表明不定式或不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)出者(即邏輯主語),就要在不定式前用for+名詞(或代詞的賓格),如:
is the road wide enough for two cars to pass?
the conference is too important for you to miss.