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5.作狀語
通常表示目的、結(jié)果、原因等。如:
i will go(去) to see you. (目的)
in 1972 she left home never to return(返回). (結(jié)果)
i am sorry(傷心的, 難過得) to hear that. (原因)
注:
①不定式作目的狀語,可以在句首,也可以在句末。有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)可用so as to...(以便,為了)或in order to ...(為了...目的)。
let’s hurry(趕緊) so as to catch(趕上) the last bus.
補(bǔ)充:
catch/get a cold
did you catch my idea? (catch –understand – follow理解)
all living things (生物)must eat(吃) in order to stay(保持) alive(活著的).
 
②不定式作結(jié)果狀語可用so (such) ...as to (這樣(的) ...以至),too...to(太...以至不能),enough to (足以...)等引出,如:
the rain was so heavy(大) as to make our picnic impossible.
 
補(bǔ)充:
heavy traffic 車流量大
他有點(diǎn)胖
he is a little fat? /heavy?.(on a heavy side)
heavy food 油膩的食物
light food 清淡的食物
a heavy smoker 煙癮很大的人
a heavy drinker 酒量很大的人
 
this man is too lazy(懶惰的) to succeed in(在...方面取得成功) business(生意).
 
③“be+形容詞+不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式部分??醋魇菭钫Z,這類后面通常帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞有:able(能夠的), afraid(害怕的), anxious(渴望的), careful(小心的), determined(決定了的), eager(渴望的), free(自由的), glad(高興的), pleased(高興的), ready(情愿的), sorry(抱歉的, 遺憾的), sure(一定的, 必定的), willing(樂意的)等。

6.作補(bǔ)足語
有賓語補(bǔ)足語和主語補(bǔ)足語兩種。
1)作賓語補(bǔ)足語
有一些及物動(dòng)詞除跟賓語外,還需要有一個(gè)成分作邏輯上的補(bǔ)充說明,使得賓語的狀態(tài)或行為或特征等的意思完整。這個(gè)成分稱為補(bǔ)足語,用于說明賓語,因此稱賓語補(bǔ)足語。不定式可作賓語補(bǔ)足語,如:
many parents allow their children to make their own decisions.
 
注:
       通常要求帶帶有“to”的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有:advise(建議, 勸告), allow(允許), ask(要求), cause(造成), consider(認(rèn)為), expect(期望), find(發(fā)現(xiàn),認(rèn)為), imagine(想象), tell(命令, 告誡), want(想要), wish(希望)等
 
       要求不帶“to”的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞(一般為表示“感覺”或“使役”的動(dòng)詞)有: have(讓, 使), hear(聽到), let(讓), make(使), notice(注意到), see(看), watch(注視,看), listen to(聽), look at(看)
i saw two men have a quarrel with a woman just now. 剛才我看見兩個(gè)男人與一個(gè)女人發(fā)生爭吵。
 
       help后面的作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式帶“to”或不帶“to”都可以。
i help mary wash her clothes. 我?guī)椭旣愊匆路?/font>
i help mary to wash her clothes. 我?guī)椭旣愊匆路?/font>
 
2)作主語補(bǔ)足語
帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),賓語成了主語,賓語補(bǔ)足語也就相應(yīng)地成為主語補(bǔ)足語。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式用作主語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),一律要用帶“to”的形式。如:
their children are allowed to make their own decisions.
 
ⅲ不定式的邏輯主語
如要表明不定式或不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)出者(即邏輯主語),就要在不定式前用for+名詞(或代詞的賓格),如:
is the road wide enough for two cars to pass?
the conference is too important for you to miss.