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(選自2008年職稱英語(yǔ)理工類b/c級(jí)閱讀理解考題)
 
sunspots
it's not surprising (令人驚訝的)that sunspots(太陽(yáng)黑子)were observed (觀察)by ancient astronomers (天文學(xué)家).the largest soupspoon the sun can be seen (看見)without a telescope.it was not until the invention of the telescope(望遠(yuǎn)鏡)in the early 17th.century,however,that systematic studies of sunspots could be undertaken(著手進(jìn)行).the great astronomer galileo was among the first to make telescopic(用望遠(yuǎn)鏡的) observations of sunspots(太陽(yáng)黑子).
 
make a call v. 訪問
make a contribution to v. 對(duì)...作出貢獻(xiàn)
make a decision v. 作出決定
make a living v. 謀生

動(dòng)名詞與動(dòng)詞不定式一樣,也是一種非謂語(yǔ)形式,它可以帶賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞由動(dòng)詞原形+ing構(gòu)成,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化,且有一般式和完成式。
以動(dòng)詞study為例:
 
主動(dòng)
被動(dòng)
一般式
studying
being studied
完成式
having studied
having been studied
 
 
動(dòng)名詞的用法
動(dòng)名詞(或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ))在句中起名詞的作用,可用作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)(動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ))和定語(yǔ)等。

 talking about it is no use. 討論這件事情沒用。
 seeing is believing.
 
提示:動(dòng)名詞(或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)時(shí),有時(shí)句中使用形式主語(yǔ)it,如:
 it is no use talking about it. 討論這件事情沒用。
常見的形式主語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)(真正的主語(yǔ)是在句子的結(jié)尾部分出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu))
it is +no use , no good , fun(有趣), a great pleasure(快樂的事情), a waste of time(浪費(fèi)時(shí)間) 等名詞+ doing sth.
it is no use crying.