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補(bǔ)充:
1. 關(guān)系代詞which, who, whom, that如果在從句中作賓語,可以省略。
1. 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做主語時(shí),從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)必須與先行詞一致。
2. 在下列情況下一般用that做為定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞:
a.先行詞為all(全部), everything(每件事情/動(dòng)詞), nothing(沒有), anything(任何事/東西), little(少許)等不定代詞時(shí),如:
everything(that)we saw at the exhibition(展覽會(huì)) was very interesting(有趣的).
 
b、先行詞為序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾時(shí)。如:
 the first(第一) thing(that)you have to do is to register(登記注冊(cè)).
 
 this is the most exciting(令人興奮的) football(足球) game(比賽) (that) i have ever seen(看).

ⅱ關(guān)系副詞引出限制性定語從句
關(guān)系副詞when指時(shí)間、where指地點(diǎn),why指原因,它們引出的定語從句分別用來修飾表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因的先行詞如day(天), time(時(shí)間), place(地方), building(建筑物), reason(原因)等。這些關(guān)系副詞在從句中均做狀語,如:
 
 air(空氣) conditioning(調(diào)節(jié)) is very important(重要的) in some industries(工業(yè)部門) where special(特殊的) conditions must be kept(保持). 
 
do you know the reason(原因) why things(東西) don’t fall off(掉離) the earth(地球)?

ⅲ介詞+which(whom)引出限制性定語從句
這種定語從句在修飾人時(shí),介詞后只用whom,修飾物時(shí)只用which,而不用that,如:
 the man with whom i share(共享)the room(房間) is a young(年輕的) teacher(老師).
 
 this is the shelf(書架) on which i keep(保存) my books(書).

2.非限制性定語從句
非限制性定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系比較松散,從句只對(duì)先行詞附加說明,沒有該從句句子的意思仍然完整。 主句與從句之間常用逗號(hào)隔開, 翻譯時(shí)一般分譯成兩個(gè)句子。所用關(guān)系代詞與限制性定語從句基本相同,但that一般不用于非限制性定語從句。 如:
 
the professor(教授) introduced(介紹) me to his students(學(xué)生), most of whom were from abroad(海外). (whom指代his students)
 
they rowed(劃船) across the atlantic(大西洋), which had never been done(做) before. (which指代前面整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容)