ⅰ、條件句中的虛擬語氣
1.構(gòu)成
含有條件狀語從句的句子稱為條件句。如果所表示的條件是真實(shí)的,或者完全可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的,則稱為真實(shí)條件句,其主句和從句的謂語都用陳述語氣,如:
you may be blamed(指責(zé), 批評) if you make the same(相同的) mistake (錯誤)again(再次).
如果條件句表示的條件根本不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性很小時,則稱為虛擬條件句,其主句和從句的謂語就要用虛擬語氣,現(xiàn)以動詞give和tell為例列表如下:
|
條件從句
|
主句
|
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假定
|
gave
|
should + tell
would + tell
|
與過去事實(shí)相反的假定
|
had + given
|
should + have + told
would + have + told
|
推測未來不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)可能性很小的假定
|
should + give
were to + give
gave
|
should + tell
would + tell
|
注:
① 在與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)條件從句中謂語為be時,一般不分人稱,多用過去式的復(fù)數(shù)形式were。如主語為第一、三人稱單數(shù)時,也可用was (但“if i were you…”中只能用were)