不定代詞
一、“every”(每一個)只作為定語使用,即必須在其后加上單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞構(gòu)成名詞短語,它不可與everyone(每一個)混淆。 everyone相當(dāng)于名詞,它不可修飾其他名詞,只作主語或賓語
1) Every [A] knows that hospitals are institutions where the sick are treated, but how many [B] realize that they were once [C] homes for the indigent and the friendless [D] ?
2) Everyone [A] child in the United States must [B] receive [C] some form of educational instruction [D] .
例題解析
1) A錯。every不可單獨充當(dāng)句子成分,應(yīng)在其后加上person或改為everyone.
2) A錯。改為Every,修飾child.
二、“much”和“many”分別修飾不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)名詞,可作為代詞(如much of)和形容詞使用
3) Food seasoning plays an important [A] role in the cooking [B] customs of much [C] cultures in [D] the world.
4) The general sales tax has been [A] a major source of income for state governments, much [B] of which derive more than half [C] of their budgets from [D] it.
5) Data received from [A] two spacecraft indicate that there is many evidence [B] that huge thunderstorms are now occurring [C] around the equator [D] of the planet Saturn.
例題解析
3) C錯。應(yīng)改為of many,因為被修飾詞cultures為可數(shù)名詞,故其修飾語應(yīng)用many,而much要修飾不可數(shù)名詞。
4) B錯。應(yīng)改用many,因此處所指代的是可數(shù)名詞governments(復(fù)數(shù)),many在本句中為代詞,作非限定性定語從句的主語。
5) B錯。應(yīng)改為much evidence,因為evidence(證據(jù),跡象)為不可數(shù)名詞,故應(yīng)用much來修飾。
三、 “some”和“any”是表示不定數(shù)量的代詞,相當(dāng)于漢語的“一些”,作定語可修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,其中some(包括它的合成詞something,someone, somebody)多用于肯定句,而any(包括它的合成詞anything, anyone, anybody)則用于疑問句和否定句中,其中any在否定句中相當(dāng)于漢語中的“任何”;形容詞修飾something, someone, somebody, anything, anyone, anybody, nothing, nobody時,形容詞要放在這些詞的后邊
6) Historians [A] have never reached some general [B] agreement about [C] the precise causes of the [D] Civil War in the United States.
例題解析
6) B錯。應(yīng)為any general,因為本句為否定句(否定副詞never),應(yīng)該用any,此處表示“(沒有達成過) 任何共識”。
四、“another”和“other”分別表示“另外的一個”(an+other)和“另外的”“其余的”意思,可以用作定語修飾名詞或單獨作主語與賓語,其中前者只用來修飾或指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,后者修飾單復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,二者不能相互混淆
7) Lizards lack [A] the builtin body temperature control [B] many another [C] creatures possess [D] .
8) Some bacterium are extremely [A] harmful, but anothers [B] are regularly [C] used in producing cheeses, crackers, and many other foods [D] .
9) Like [A] most another [B] art forms, the Greek tragedy had [C] its origins in religious [D] observances.
例題解析
7) C錯。應(yīng)改用other來修飾可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞creatures.本句是一個省略了關(guān)系代詞that(或which)的定語從句,control為名詞作主句中及物動詞(謂語)lack的賓語,同時又受其后面定語從句的修飾。
8) B錯。 改為others.
9) B錯。 改為other.
五、one與other “one”作為代詞代替前面提到的人或物,它前邊加the; “other”作代詞修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞。 “one…another”表示“一個…另一個”的意思,或表示多個(三者以上)之中的“另一個”,“又一個”; “one…the other”表示兩者之中剩下的“另一個,又一個”
10) I’d like to [A] buy a coat similar [B] to one [C] you are wearing [D] .
11) Though [A] Art Tatum was totally blind in one eye and had only slight [B] vision in another [C] , he became [D] an internationally renowned jazz musician.
例題解析
10) C錯。改為to the one.
11) C錯。應(yīng)用the other,因為此處表示兩者之中的另一個,Art Tatum為人的名字,他只有兩只眼睛,故提到“另一只”時應(yīng)用the other.
六、 “few”和“l(fā)ittle”兩者分別為“many”和“much”的反義詞,表示“少,很少”的意思,有否定含義,即等于“幾乎沒有”,如若表示肯定的含義,則應(yīng)在little和few前加不定冠詞“a”,即變?yōu)椤癮 few”和“a little”
12) Because they are generally [A] taken simply to obtain a recognizable [B] and relatively clear [C] image, most nonprefessional photographs demand few [D] equipment.
例題解析
12) D錯。應(yīng)改用little,因為equipment為不可數(shù)名詞,故其修飾語應(yīng)用little,few后面只接可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞。
七、 “a great deal (of)” (大量)只作為限定語修飾不可數(shù)名詞或在句中指代不可數(shù)名詞作主語或賓語
13) of giftgiving, barter, buying and selling goes on among the Narvjos.
[A] A great deal [B] A great many [C] Much greater [D] Many
例題解析
13) A為正確答案。空白后為不可數(shù)名詞“giftgiving, barter, buying”,“[B] A great amny”和“[D] Many”修飾可數(shù)名詞,而“[C] Much greater”本身是形容詞,空檔后不應(yīng)有“of”, 所以填“[A] A great deal of”。
八、“nothing but”表示“只不過,就是,只有”
He is nothing but a singer. 他只不過是個唱歌的。
Nothing but a miracle can save us. 只有奇跡才能救我們。
九、“anything but” 表示“根本不,并不”
She is anything but beautiful. 她并不美。
John is anything but a liar. 約翰決不是個騙子。
十、“something of” 表示“略有”
He has seen something of life. 他略有閱歷。
I’m something of a cook. 我略懂烹飪。
(試比較)
He is not much of a scholar. 他算不上個很好(高明)的學(xué)者。
十一、“none other than”表示“就是”
The new arrival was none other than the President. 剛到的那人就是總統(tǒng)本人。
我們要注意none other than 與 other than 的區(qū)別,后者表示“與……不同”
I do not wish him other than he is. 我不希望他改變現(xiàn)狀。
The truth is quite&
(責(zé)任編輯:)