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As the Occupy Wall Street protest enters its third week, demonstrators are making increasingly creative placards to ensure their voices are heard. Clever word play, bright colours, famous quotations and popular images have all been used to crystallise their message of opposing corporate influence over U.S. politics and the lack of legal repercussions following the 2008 banks bailout.

One poster shows a picture of the White House with a letting sign on the lawn which reads ’For Sale - To The Highest Bidders’. Another uses the iconic image of Lord Kitchener, wearing a V for Vendetta mask, over the words ’I Want You To OccupyWallStreet’. Signs displaying quotes from Gandhi and English writer GK Chesterton have been used to contextualise this protest with ones from the past, while many have puns on Wall Street. One placard says ’Lets Rip Down The Wall And Make It Just A Street’, another ’Wall Street Is Our Street’.

A recurring motif is money and greed and how the demonstrators supposedly represent 99 per cent of Americans. One sign reads: ’The Whole World Is Going Bankrupt - To Who?’

There is even a poster called the ’Map of the Occupied States of America’, which uses stars to highlight future locations for protest.

Not all people needed cardboard to display their message, however. One protester used bright blue chalk to write on the sidewalk: ’Occupation Is My Occupation’. Makeshift camps including a library and pharmacies have been set up by Wall Street protesters in a clear sign that they intend to carry out their promise of staying into the winter. The development came after thousands of people yesterday marched to New York Police Department (NYPD) headquarters following accusations of brutality from officers dealing with demonstrators. Similar protests against the banking system have spread across the country, with events taking place up in Boston, Los Angeles and Chicago.

New York City police are braced for a weekend of unrest in the Financial District, with the Occupy Wall Street protest showing little sign of dissipating as it moves into its third straight week. People have travelled from all over the country to voice their anger at the 2008 bank bailouts, rising numbers of foreclosures and persistently high unemployment. Protesters signalled their intention to keep a presence in Zuccotti Park, just outside Wall Street, by setting up larger camps of mattresses and sleeping bags, and laying out a basic library, newspaper stands, pharmacies and I.T. hubs. The days of the camera-toting tourist may be numbered. Insensitive travelers are being ordered to stop pointing their cameras and camcorders at reluctant local residents. Tour companies selling expensive trips to remote corners of the world, off the well-trodden path of the average tourist, have become increasingly irritated at the sight of the visitors upsetting locals. Now one such operator plans to ban clients from taking any photographic equipment on holidays. Julian Mathews is the director of Discovery Initiatives, a company that is working hand-in-hand with other organizations to offer holidays combining high adventure with working on environmental projects. His trips are not cheap; two weeks of white-water rafting and monitoring wildlife in Canada cost several thousand pounds.

Matthews says he is providing ''holidays without guilt'', insisting that Discovery Initiatives is not a tour operator but an environmental support company. Clients are referred to as ''participants'' or ''ambassadors''. ''We see ourselves as the next step on from eco-tourism, which is merely a passive form. of sensitive travel - our approach is more proactive.''

However, says Matthews, there is a price to pay. ''I am planning to introduce tours with a total ban on cameras and camcorders because of the damage they do to our relationships with local people. I have seen some horrendous things, such as a group of six tourists arriving at a remote village in the South American jungle, each with a video camera attached to their face. That sort of thing tears me up inside. Would you like somebody to come into your home and take a photo of you cooking? A camera is like a weapon; it puts up a barrier and you lose all the communication that comes through body language, which effectively means that the host communities are denied access to the so-called cultural exchange.''

Matthews started organizing environmental holidays after a scientific expedition for young people. He subsequently founded Discovery Expeditions, which has helped support 13 projects worldwide. With the launch of Discovery Initiatives, he is placing a greater emphasis on adventure and fun, omitting in the brochure all references to scientific research. But his rules of conduct are strict. ''In some parts of the world, for instance, I tell people they should wear long trousers, not shorts, and wear a tie, when eating out. It may sound dictatorial, but I find one has a better experience if one is well dressed. I don''t understand why people dress down when they go to other countries.''

Matthews'' views reflect a growing unease among some tour companies at the increasingly cavalier behaviour of well-heeled tourists. Chris Parrott, of Journey Latin America, says: ''We tell our clients that indigenous people are often shy about being photographed, but we certainly don''t tell them not to take a camera. If they take pictures without asking, they may have tomatoes thrown at them.'' He also reports that increasing numbers of clients are taking camcorders and pointing them indiscriminately at locals. He says: ''People with camcorders tend to be more intrusive than those with cameras, but there is a payoff - the people they are filming get a tremendous thrill from seeing themselves played back on the viewfinder.''

Crispin Jones, of Exodus, the overland truck specialist, says: ''We don''t have a policy but, should cameras cause offence, our tour leaders will make it quite clear that they cannot be used. Clients tend to do what they are told.

Earthwatch, which pioneered the concept of proactive eco-tourism by sending paying volunteers to work on scientific projects around the world, does not ban cameras, but operates strict rules on their use. Ed Wilson, the marketing director of the company, says: ''We try to impress on people the common courtesy of getting permission before using their cameras, and one would hope that every tour operator would do the same. People have to be not only environmentally aware but also culturally aware. Some people use the camera as a barrier; it allows them to distance themselves from the reality of what they see. I would like to see tourists putting their cameras away for once, rather than trying to record everything they see.''

參考題目：

1. In the first paragraph we learn that Discovery Initiatives

A offers trips that no other tour company offers.

B organizes trips to places where few tourists go.

C has decided to respond to its customers complaints.<

（責(zé)任編輯：中大編輯）

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