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36.no one與none
①no one沒有人(只指人,不能用來指物),意思與nobody相同,作主語時(shí)不需跟of短語連用,如:No one believes him since he is not honest.沒有人相信他,因?yàn)樗徽\實(shí)。No one else but I went.除我以外,誰也沒去。②none一個(gè)也沒有(既可指人,也可指任何東西)。作主語時(shí),代替不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,代替可數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞單、復(fù)數(shù)都可以。但在“主系表”句型中,如表語為復(fù)數(shù),則系動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:None of us are (is) afraid of difficulties.我們誰也不怕困難。There is none of it left.那東西一點(diǎn)也沒剩下。③在回答“一個(gè)都沒有”時(shí),除了注意人或物的區(qū)別外,還要看提問的角度,也就是用how many/much來問,習(xí)慣上用none來否定回答,用Is there any…來問,就用no one來回答。
37.trip, travel, tour與journey
①trip是非正式用語,??勺鱦ourney的替換詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)一次往返的短途旅程。如:He went on a trip to the nearest seaside during his vacation.假期中他到最近的海濱作了一次旅行(遠(yuǎn)足)。
②travel泛指旅行、游歷,尤指國外旅行,但無路程的含義。如:We plan to travel to Africa.我們計(jì)劃去非洲旅行。
③tour作“游歷、觀光、參觀訪問”解,強(qiáng)調(diào)在“漫游,巡視”。如:The play will tour the countryside in the autumn.這出戲?qū)⒂诮袂镌谵r(nóng)村巡回演出。
④journey常指陸地上由一地到另一地的旅行,也指旅行的路程,是個(gè)較正式的用法。如:We made a journey to the Northeast of China.我們?cè)谥袊臇|北作了一次旅行。
38.destroy與damage
①destroy主要在于“破壞,摧毀”的嚴(yán)重后果,具有主觀意識(shí),同時(shí)還有“打破(希望、計(jì)劃),消滅,殲滅(敵人)”之意,如:We’ll destroy the old world and build the new.我們將打破舊世界,建設(shè)新世界。All the hopes were destroyed.所有的希望都破滅了。The hurricane destroyed the whole town.颶風(fēng)摧毀了整個(gè)鎮(zhèn)子。
②damage“損害,破壞,損失”,主要表示“某事給……帶來損害”,如:The storm caused great damage.暴風(fēng)雨造成了巨大損失。His words have done a lot of damage to the government’s popularity.他的講話給政府的聲望帶來很大損害。
39.be about to do sth.與be to do sth
①be about to do=to be just ready to; be going to正要,馬上就,使用時(shí)不可再與表示時(shí)間的詞語連用。如:We were about to leave when it started to rain.我們正要離開時(shí),天突然下起雨來了。I was about to go to bed when there was a knock at the door.我正要上床睡覺,這時(shí)有人敲門。
②be to do sth.表示“一定會(huì)發(fā)生”,“將來的安排”,“將來可能發(fā)生”。例如:We are to get married next week.我們將于下周結(jié)婚。What am I to do?我該怎么做?I'm to see him today at 6 o'clock.我今天將在6點(diǎn)鐘去看他。Am I to go on with my speech?我要繼續(xù)講下去嗎?
40.go on doing, go on to do與go on with
這三個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語都有“繼續(xù)做某事”的意思,其區(qū)別如下:go on doing表示“繼續(xù)做,一直在做的事(中間無間斷)”;go on to do表示“接著做某事”,即某事已做完,接著做另一件事;go on with也表示“繼續(xù)做某事”,其含義是某一動(dòng)作一度中止后,又繼續(xù)下去。如:He told Dr Bethune not to go on operating any more.他告訴白求恩大夫不要繼續(xù)手術(shù)了。After reading English, I went on to do maths exercises.讀了英語之后,我接著做數(shù)學(xué)練習(xí)。After having a break, we went on with our lessons.休息之后,我們繼續(xù)上課。
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