41.too much與much too
二者都表示“太”,“非常”之意,much too為副詞詞組,修飾形容詞、副詞,但不可修飾動詞。It’s much too cold.天氣實在是太冷了。too much作“太多”講有以下三種用法。
①作名詞詞組,如:You have given us too much.你給我們的太多了。
②作形容詞詞組修飾不可數(shù)名詞,如:Don’t drink too much wine.不要飲太多的酒。
③作副詞詞組修飾不及物動詞,如:She talks too much.她說話太多。
42.rather與fairly
兩詞都可作“相當?shù)?rdquo;,“頗有幾分”講。其主要區(qū)別如下:
①fairly主要與“令人有愉快感”的形容詞或副詞連用,如:good, bravely, well, nice等。而rather作此意解時,則用于“令人不愉快”的形容詞或副詞,如:bad, ugly等。如:Tom is rather lazy, but John is fairly diligent.湯姆很懶惰,而約翰卻相當勤奮。
②如果一個單數(shù)名詞有形容詞修飾,不定冠詞須放在fairly前面,而rather卻是放前放后皆可。如:This is a fairly interesting book.這是一本很有趣的書。This book is rather an interesting one.(同前。)
③有些詞本身無所謂“令人愉快”或“不愉快”之意,如:fast, show, hot, cold等,說話人則可用fairly來表“贊許”,用rather來表示“不以為然”。
④fairly往往表示“恰到好處,恰當”,而rather含有“太過分,有過之”之意。試比較:This book is fairly easy for you to read.(正好合適你讀。) This book is rather easy for you to read.(太簡單以致不合適了。)
⑤rather還可用在alike, like, similar, different等詞和“有”前,此時含義是“有點兒”或“稍微”之意。如:The weather was rather worse than I had expected.這天氣比我所預料的要糟糕些。
43.lively, living與alive
①lively adj. 生動的,活潑的,可作定語或表語。如:What lively colours!多么鮮艷的顏色啊! she is a lively girl.她是個活潑的姑娘。
②living adj. 活著的,健在的;n. 謀生,生計。如:living things生物;make a living謀生;earn one's living謀生度日;That man is still living.那人還健在(在世)。
③alive adj. 活的,活著的,表語性形容詞,一般可與living互換。若作定語,要放在所修飾的詞之后。如:That man is not dead, he is still alive.(=he is still living.)那人沒死,他還活著。He is the greatest musician alive.他是活著的最偉大的音樂家。
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