第一節(jié)  名 詞（null）

　　大綱要求掌握：     一、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞

　　二、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式

　　三、名詞的所有格

　　四、名詞在句子中的作用

　　一、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞

　　名詞分可數(shù)與不可數(shù)兩種。

　　可數(shù)名詞表示某類人或東西中的個體。如table， country.

　　或表示若干個體組成的集合體。如 family， people， committee， police.

　　不可數(shù)名詞表示無法分為個體的實物。如air， tea， furniture， water.

　　或表示動作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念。如work， information， advice， happiness.

　　有些名詞在一種場合下是可數(shù)名詞，在另一種場合下是不可數(shù)名詞。

　　如room 房間（可數(shù)），空間（不可數(shù)）

　　time  時間（不可數(shù)），次數(shù)（可數(shù)）

　　fish  魚（不可數(shù)），各種各樣的魚（可數(shù)）

　　比較下列例句：

　　There are nine rooms in the house.  （房間，可數(shù)名詞）

　　There isn't enough room for us three in the car . （空間，不可數(shù)名詞）

　　不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量可以通過在其前面加單位詞來表示。

　　如： 一塊肉  a piece of meat

　　兩條長面包  two loaves of bread

　　三件家具  three articles of furniture

　　一大筆錢  a large sum of money

　　二、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式

　　可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：

　　1.一般情況下在名詞后加-s.如：girls， books.

　　★濁輔音、元音結(jié)尾，s發(fā)[z]

　　2.以s， x ， ch， sh結(jié)尾的詞在名詞后加-es.如：glasses， boxes， matches， bushes.

　　★以s， x ， ch， sh結(jié)尾，es發(fā)[iz]

　　3.“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i再加-es.如：city-cities， country-countries.

　　4.以o結(jié)尾的詞多數(shù)加-es.如：heroes， tomatoes， potatoes.

　　radios， zoos， photos， pianos， kilos 例外。

　　5.f， fe 結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)變f，fe為v再加-es.如：thief-thieves， leaf-leaves， half-halves， life-lives， wife-wives， knife-knives.

　　少數(shù)名詞有不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：man-men， woman-women， foot-feet， tooth-teeth， child-children， mouse-mice.

　　★可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)一般情況下考不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　個別名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)的形式是一樣的。如Chineses， Japanese， sheep， deer.

　　三、名詞的所有格

　　名詞的所有格表示所屬關(guān)系， 起形容詞的作用。

　　當(dāng)名詞表示有生命的東西時，所有格一般是在詞尾加 's .

　　如：Jean's room， my daughter-in-law's friends， my daughters-in-law's friends， children's books.

　　如果名詞已經(jīng)有了復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s， 則只需加'.如：the teachers' books， my parents' car.

　　時間名詞的所有格在后面加's ，復(fù)數(shù)加' .如：today's newspaper， five minutes' walk.

　　當(dāng)名詞表示無生命的東西時，所有格常由“of”短語構(gòu)成。

　　如：the top of the world， the cover of the book， China's capital.

　　加 's 或 ' 的名詞所有格可以表示店鋪或某人的家。

　　如：the grocer's， the tailor's， the Smith's .

　　★名詞所有格考試常見部分是

　　名詞表示沒有生命的東西時，不能直接在其后加's.

　　時間名詞所有格在其后加's，或復(fù)數(shù)名詞后直接加'.

　　四、名詞在句子中的作用

　　1.主語是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；主語是復(fù)數(shù)時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　All roads lead to Rome.（條條大路通羅馬。）

　　His brother is an industrial engineer.

　　The number of the students attending the party is increasing.

　　★the number of 表示數(shù)量，無論后面名詞是復(fù)數(shù)還是單數(shù)，謂語動詞是單數(shù)形式。

　　Two-thirds of the shop belongs to me.

　　★two-thirds  三分之二

　　幾分之幾作主語，謂語是單數(shù)形式。

　　Both of us are studying English.

　　★總結(jié)：在名詞作主語時，the number of 謂語動詞單數(shù)形式；

　　幾分之幾，謂語單數(shù)形式；

　　both 謂語使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　2、主語是不可數(shù)名詞、不定式或動名詞詞組、從句時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

　　All the money he received was given to his mother.

　　Forgetting the past means betrayal.

　　What we are talking now is useless.

　　3.主語部分若有as well as， with， together with， like， but， except等短語，謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)與短語前面的名詞一致。

　　Mary， as well as her two sisters， is a student of this school.

　?。╝s well as her two sisters 作主語Mary的主語補(bǔ)足語，主語 Mary 是單數(shù)，所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式）

　　No one except my friends knows anything about it.

　　4.表示時間、距離、重量、價值等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，如果當(dāng)作整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。“…+（×）…=…”算式中的謂語動詞也用單數(shù)形式。

　　Three times two is six.

　　Three kilometers is 3，ooo metres. （three kilometers作為整體來看）

　　5.Either， neither作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

　　Neither of us has been to Italy.

　　Has either of them been to Shanghai？

　　none代表可數(shù)的人或東西時，謂語動詞可以用單數(shù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)，代表不可數(shù)的東西時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

　　None of the students have/has seen the film.

　　None of the money belongs to me.

　　6.主語由either…or， neither…nor， not only…but also連接時，謂語形式由最鄰近的主語決定。

　　Not only you but also I am wrong.

　　Neither my aunt nor I am going out this afternoon.

　　Either you or she is to do the work.

　　7.主語中有and，如果表示單一概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

　　The bread and butter is nice.

　　8.主語前有many a， more than one修飾時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

　　Many a book has been read by the students.

　　★many a book=many books

　　More than one person has been to the Great Wall.

　　9.集合名詞作主語，當(dāng)作整體看待時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，當(dāng)作每個獨(dú)立的個體看待時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　The committee meets once a year. （作為整體）

　　The committee are having a meeting now. （作為獨(dú)立個體）

　　People， police作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　The police have come to arrest him.

　　名詞部分考試重點(diǎn)

　　1、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞里，哪幾個詞是不可數(shù)名詞。

　　2、可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式重點(diǎn)掌握不規(guī)則形式，單、復(fù)數(shù)相同的名詞。

　　3、名詞所有格重點(diǎn)掌握時間名詞所有格在其后加's，復(fù)數(shù)加'.

　　4、名詞在句中的作用，重點(diǎn)掌握剛才的9點(diǎn)。

　　考點(diǎn)測試

　　1.Ten days ______ long enough for Mr. Carter to finish his design. He doesn't need any more.

　　A.  is           B. has been       C. was          D. had been

　　ten days 作為一個整體看待，謂語用單數(shù)形式。（注意時態(tài)）

　　答案 A

　　2. Now， many people use the word Ms instead of Miss or Mrs， for example， before the names of ______ in business letters.

　　A. woman manager   B. women manager   C. woman managers     D. women managers

　　names 是復(fù)數(shù)形式，其后的名詞肯定是復(fù)數(shù)。

　　兩個名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，兩個都要變。

　　答案 D

　　3. The number of students who failed the chemistry examination _____ to fifteen.

　　A. have increased       B. has increased    C. is increased       D. are increasing

　　the number of 謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

　　答案 B

　　4. Neither John nor his father _______ able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train.

　　A. was       B. were        C. would be     D. have been

　　neither……nor謂語動詞跟相鄰的主語一致。

　　答案 A

　　5. The room is eight _______ long.

　　A. foot       B. foots       C. feet       D. feets

　　foot 英尺，復(fù)數(shù)形式 feet

　　答案 C

　　8. Not only the students but also their teacher ______ at the meeting.

　　A. was present    B. were present    C. have been presented   D. has been presented

　　not only…… but also 謂語動詞與相鄰名詞一致。

　　present 呈現(xiàn)，介紹

　　答案 A

　　9. One of the things she wrote about ______ life on a small farm at the beginning of the century.

　　A. is         B. was       C. are       D. were

　　one of 謂語用單數(shù)。

　　答案 B

　　10. Only about one out of twelve of the young men and women of this country _____ college education.

　　A. receive     B. receives      C. have received      D. have been received

　　one out of 謂語用單數(shù)形式。

　　答案 B

　　11. Never before ______ so many people been engaged in producing goods just for the comfort of man.

　　A. has         B. have            C. will          D. would

　　never before開頭，句子倒裝。

　　主語so many people為復(fù)數(shù)。

　　engage in doing sth. 忙于做某事。

　　答案 B

　　12. At the bus stop  were  a soldier and two young people on their way to North Carolina.

　　A. were      B. was      C. is      D. sits and waits

　　主語 a soldier and two young people為復(fù)數(shù)

　　答案 A

　　13. There ______ the last piece of cake and the last spoonful of ice cream.

　　A. goes      B. go      C. gone      D. was gone

　　主語 the last piece of cake and the last spoonful of ice cream復(fù)數(shù)

　　答案 B

　　14. Mr. Brown， and not I ， ________ chosen to be the representative of the class.

　　A. is       B. am      C. are      D. have been

　　主語 Mr.Brown

　　答案 A

　　15. The teacher， as well as a number of students， _______ to attend the party.

　　A. ask      B. asks     C. was asked      D. were asked

　　謂語動詞與as well as前面的名詞一致。

　　答案 C

　　16. The hostess together with the guests of honor ________ comfortably in the living room.

　　A. was seated       B. seated    C. were seated         D. were seating

　　謂語與 together with 前的名詞一致

　　be seated 就坐

　　Please be seated ladies and gentlmen.

　　Seat the boy next to his brother.

　　答案 A

　　17. The father， rather than the brothers， _______ responsible for the accident.

　　A. is       B. are      C. have been       D. has

　　主語 the father ，單數(shù)

　　be responsible for 對……負(fù)責(zé)

　　答案 A

　　18. Either Carol or Grace ______ to the concert， but one of them has to stay home.

　　A. is coming    B. are coming   C. will coming       D. have come

　　either……or 謂語動詞與臨近主語一致。

　　答案 A

　　19. The total amount of money ______ 100 dollars.

　　A. is          B. are         C. has          D. have

　　money 不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞單數(shù)。

　　答案 A

　　20. Great quantities of fish _____ on high seas.

　　A. is caught    B. are caught    C. catch        D. is catching

　　quantities 復(fù)數(shù)形式

　　答案 B

　　21. Either of the young ladies _____ perfectly qualified to teach Greek and Latin.

　　A. is          B. are           C. has          D. have

　　either打頭，謂語動詞單數(shù)。

　　答案 A

　　22. Having studied your report carefully， I am convinced that neither of your solutions _____ correct.

　　A. are       B. is         C. had         D. will

　　neither 兩者都不，謂語動詞單數(shù)。

　　答案 B

　　23. In some countries each of the citizens ______ to decide government policies.

　　A. helps    B. help       C. are helped      D. is helped

　　each 每一個，謂語動詞單數(shù)。

　　答案 A

　　24. The nurse added_____ to the medcine to make the ease for the child to take.

　　A. some sugar     B. some sugars     C. a sugar     D. sugars

　　suger 不可數(shù)名詞

　　答案 A

　　take medcine 吃藥

　　25. “I like your furniture very much.”

　　“Thank you. We bought ____ in Beijing.”

　　A. the most of them    B. the most of it   C. most of them    D. most of it

　　furniture 不可數(shù)名詞

　　答案 D

（責(zé)任編輯：中大編輯）