第二節(jié)  冠 詞（1-4~2-2）     大綱要求：

　　1、不定冠詞的基本用法

　　2、定冠詞的基本用法

　　3、不加冠詞的基本規(guī)則以及冠詞的習(xí)慣用法

　　冠詞是一種虛詞，只能附著在名詞上幫助說(shuō)明名詞的含義。

　　冠詞分為定冠詞（the）和不冠詞（a或an）兩類(lèi)，定冠詞表示特指，不定冠詞表示泛指。

　　a用于讀音以輔音開(kāi)頭的詞前面，an用于讀音以元音開(kāi)頭的詞前面。

　　如：a university， a useful book， an umbrella， a horse， an honest man.

　　一、不定冠詞的基本用法

　　1.表示“一”的含義。

　　Give me a pen please.

　　We go shopping twice a week.

　　2.泛指某個(gè)人或東西。

　　Yesterday we visited an English secondary school.

　　She picked up a magazine and began to read.

　　3.表示一類(lèi)人或東西。

　　He works as a language teacher in that university.

　　As a writer， he is successful.

　　Even a child can answer this question.

　　可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)出現(xiàn)，泛指用不定冠詞，特指用定冠詞。一個(gè)可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)不能自己?jiǎn)为?dú)出現(xiàn)。

　　二、定冠詞的基本用法

　　1.表示特定的人或東西。

　　Give me the magazine.

　　Have you decided on the prices yet？

　　The book on the table is an English dictionary.

　　Beijing is the capital of China.

　　2.復(fù)述前文提到的人或東西。

　　Last week， I saw a flim. The film is about a love story between two middle-aged people.

　　The old man saw a house in the field. He went into the house and found a beautiful girl sitting there and singing.

　　5.用于序數(shù)詞、方位名詞、形容詞與副詞的最高級(jí)前面，副詞最高級(jí)前面的the 可以省略。

　　January is the first month of the year.

　　The sun rises in the east.

　　Japan lies to the east of China.

　　Beijing lies in the north of China.

　　Ireland lies on the Great Britain.

　　At the Children's Palace， some children learn to play the piano， others learn to play the violin.

　　Last week we went to the theatre.

　　Among the three girls she speaks English the best.

　　“東、南、西、北”作副詞時(shí)，前面不加冠詞。

　　We are walking south.

　　形容詞最高級(jí)前若有物主代詞，就不加定冠詞。

　　Monday is my busiest day.

　　7.不可數(shù)名詞前面通常不加定冠詞，但若有限制性定語(yǔ)修飾，或表示特定部分、特定內(nèi)容時(shí)，前面需加定冠詞。

　　Drink some water.

　　Is the water in the well fit for drink？

　　He can't take the advice his mother gives him.

　　三、不加冠詞的基本規(guī)則

　　1.季節(jié)、月份、日期前一般不加冠詞。

　　If winter comes can spring be far behind？

　　We have few classes on Sunday.

　　10.1 is National Day.

　　2.表示球類(lèi)、棋類(lèi)、三頓飯的名詞前通常不加冠詞，但樂(lè)器前需加定冠詞。

　　What did you have for lunch？

　　Dinner is ready.

　　Let's go and watch them play chess.

　　My elder brother likes to play football.

　　The boys are learnig to play the guitar.

　　play the piano

　　play the violin

　　3.有些固定詞組中的名詞前不加冠詞。

　　at noon   at night   at dawn   at midnight   in the morning

　　in the afternoon   in the evening   in the daytime  in town

　　in front of   （at the back of）   at distance （in the distance）

　　as a whole   on the whole   to catch cold   to have a cold

　　冠詞考試重點(diǎn)

　　冠詞所占比例不大，一般是1分或2分。

　　2、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)出現(xiàn)，必須用a或an或定冠詞修飾，不能單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)。

　　3、什么情況下，不用加冠詞。

　　冠詞易考：

　　2、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)泛指，前面加不定冠詞。an用于讀音以元音開(kāi)頭的單詞前。

　　Reading English story books is a good way of improving your English.

　　I have been waiting for him for half an hour.

　　3、名詞特指時(shí)，前面加定冠詞。

　　He is enjoying his stay in Denmark， but has some difficulty with the language.

　　Is the water from the tap fit for drink？

　　4、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞泛指，前面不加冠詞；大部分專(zhuān)有名詞前也不加冠詞。

　　As we know， the most dangerous enemies  are those who pretend to be friends.

　　They left for work after supper.

　　The film includes some recently discovered newsreels of World War II  .（the Sencond World War）

　　5、冠詞在固定詞組中的特定用法。

　　Without any news from Tom for a long time， his father left for Shanghai to see him.

　　They will travel by air.

　　I will help you for the sake of your sister.（for the sake of 因?yàn)椋?/P>

　　I will go to school on foot.

　　My mother is in hospital.

　　He has been in prison for two years.

　　典型例題

　　1. ______ film includes some recently discovered newsreels of _______ World War II.

　　A. The； the       B. A； the     C. The； /      D. A； /

　　World War II是專(zhuān)有名詞

　　答案：C

　　2. Can you play _____？

　　A. piano        B. pianos        C. a piano      D. the piano

　　答案：D

　　3. “You've been very busy lately.”

　　“So busy I haven't had time to clean my house. There is _____ wherever you look.”

　　A. dust       B. a dust       C. the dust         D. dusts

　　dust 是不可數(shù)名詞

　　答案：A

　　4. The station？ Take the second turning _______.

　　A. to left then go straight on      B. on the left， then go straight on

　　C. to left， then go right forward   D. to the left， then go right forward

　　on the left 在左邊

　　答案：B

　　in the bed 在床里面

　　7. Even on Sundays， fewer people go to ______ church than before.

　　A. the       B. a          C. /       D. that

　　go to church 去教堂  go to school 去學(xué)校  go to bed  上床睡覺(jué)  go to college 去大學(xué)

　　答案：C

　　8. _________ look much alike.

　　A. Smith's sisters    B. Smith sisters   C. Two Smith sisters      D. The Smith sisters

　　表示一家人，前面加 the

　　答案 D

（責(zé)任編輯：中大編輯）