成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試詞匯與語(yǔ)法考前輔導(dǎo)

及物動(dòng)詞

在《及物動(dòng)詞不需要介詞》一文中，談到及物動(dòng)詞不需要通過(guò)介詞引進(jìn)賓語(yǔ)。但是，當(dāng)及物動(dòng)詞有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，有些無(wú)須介詞，有些則需要。

兩個(gè)賓路都無(wú)須介詞的動(dòng)詞包括下列這些：

① Please show me the letter.

② Can you buy me a meal?

③ I will give you the latest newsletter.

④ John has sent Betty a cheque of $1000.

在①-④這樣的句子里，有個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)，也有個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)。前者一定是“物”、后者一定是“人”。它們之間不需要介詞作橋梁。另一些雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，就需要介詞的幫助了。關(guān)于這點(diǎn)，可以分四方面來(lái)談。

Ⅰ.兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)可通過(guò)不同介詞對(duì)換位置，如：

①a. The boss entrusted him with the job.

b. The boss entrusted the job to him.

②a. He tried to impress the new idea on us.

b. He tried to impress us with the new idea.

③a. A general should inspire his soldiers with great courage.

b. A general should inspire great courage in his soldiers.

Ⅱ.不同介詞，不同意思，如：

④a. Who introduced John to you?

b. Who introduced John into the new office?

⑤a. We warned him of the hazard.

b. We warned him against the hazard.

(a. 指存在的危險(xiǎn);b. 指可能的危險(xiǎn))

⑥a. When compared with each other, there are differences between the twins.

b. We may compare the heart to a pump.

(a. 指同類人或物對(duì)比;b.指兩樣不同東西互相比擬)

⑦a. Helen was disappointed of the prize.

b. Helen was disappointed in the prize.

(a. 指沒(méi)得獎(jiǎng)而失望;b. 指對(duì)所得的獎(jiǎng)不滿而失望)

⑧a. The cake is allied to the flour.

b. Is Taiwan allied with America?

(a.指兩樣?xùn)|西有關(guān)聯(lián);b. 指兩個(gè)國(guó)家有聯(lián)盟關(guān)系)

Ⅲ.兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)與介詞各就各位，固定不變，如：

⑨ The police cautioned the tourists of the danger ahead.(警惕) ⑩ Can a doctor cure June of her chronic illness?(醫(yī)治)

● The company has to compensate its staff for their losses.(彌補(bǔ))

● No one can deprive a citizen of his human right.(剝奪)

Ⅳ.以返身代詞為賓語(yǔ)的慣用語(yǔ)，如：　　　● I hope you will avail yourself of the golden opportunity. (利用)

● My friends often pride themselves on their rare achievements.(以……自豪)

● Jill knows how to insinuate herself into her boss's favour.(向……獻(xiàn)媚取寵)

● We look down on those ingratiating themselves with their superiors.(討好……)

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