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成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試詞匯與語(yǔ)法考前輔導(dǎo)
時(shí)態(tài)講解:
一般人對(duì)英語(yǔ)里基本時(shí)態(tài)的意義和用法都沒(méi)有什么問(wèn)題,但是未必每個(gè)人都對(duì)某些尋常時(shí)態(tài)的特殊用法有足夠的體會(huì)。
請(qǐng)看下面這三種情形:
Ⅰ 現(xiàn)在簡(jiǎn)單時(shí)態(tài)
⒈現(xiàn)在簡(jiǎn)單時(shí)態(tài)可以用來(lái)表示未來(lái)的動(dòng)作或活動(dòng),但這活動(dòng)必須事先已有計(jì)劃,如:
● The plane to Hawaii leaves at 10 tonight.
● The British Prime Minister arrives at 8 tomorrow morning.
這樣的不尋常時(shí)態(tài)里的動(dòng)詞通常只限于“來(lái)”和“往”之類的活動(dòng),不是任何動(dòng)詞都適用。
⒉現(xiàn)在簡(jiǎn)單時(shí)態(tài)也可用來(lái)取代時(shí)間副詞分句(adverb clauses of time)或條件副詞分句(adverb clauses of condition)中的現(xiàn)在未來(lái)時(shí)態(tài),如:
● Let's wait until all the guests come.
● If it rains tomorrow, we can't go fishing.
理論上可以說(shuō)“until all the guests will come”和“if it will rain tomorrow”,但實(shí)際句子里,并不如此。
⒊現(xiàn)在簡(jiǎn)單時(shí)態(tài)有時(shí)可以用來(lái)代替現(xiàn)在過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),使所敘述的事物更現(xiàn)實(shí)、更靈活,如:
● Alexander Pope says, “A little learning is a dangerous thing.”
● The Chinese proverb has it, “God helps those who help themselves.”
只有在特殊情況下,才用這種時(shí)態(tài);否則,過(guò)去的事, 只好用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),比較妥當(dāng)。
Ⅱ 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)
⒈現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)可以用來(lái)表示未來(lái)的節(jié)目或已策劃的活動(dòng),如:
● They are going downtown this afternoon.
● I am seeing an old friend tonight.
⒉現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),也和副詞“always, continually, constantly”等連用以表示不斷重復(fù)的舉動(dòng),言下有不勝其煩之感,如:
● Janet is always complaining.www.yingyusanji.com
● Why are you continually finding fault with our new system?
● Strange! The weather here is constantly changing.
Ⅲ 過(guò)去簡(jiǎn)單時(shí)態(tài)
⒈過(guò)去簡(jiǎn)單時(shí)態(tài)可用來(lái)表示目前不易實(shí)現(xiàn)的假設(shè)或愿望,如:
● lf I were you, I would join that activity.
● I wish I had better luck next time.
⒉過(guò)去簡(jiǎn)單時(shí)態(tài)也可以用來(lái)代替現(xiàn)在簡(jiǎn)單時(shí)態(tài),以表示禮貌,如:
● Could you tell me how to go to the library?
● I would appreciate it if you could help me.
● Would you mind lending me your pen for a while?
上述尋常時(shí)態(tài)的不尋常用法,如果用得恰當(dāng),肯定可以增添英語(yǔ)的靈活性。
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