成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試詞匯與語(yǔ)法考前輔導(dǎo)

及物動(dòng)詞+介詞+賓語(yǔ)

在英語(yǔ)錯(cuò)誤中，“及物動(dòng)詞+介詞+賓語(yǔ)”(transitive verb+preposition+object)，是常見(jiàn)的一種。所謂及物動(dòng)詞，就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(predicative verb)，不必通過(guò)介詞引薦賓語(yǔ)。相反的，不及物動(dòng)詞(intransitive verb)是不帶賓語(yǔ)的。有許多動(dòng)詞，雖然性質(zhì)是及物的，但不一定要有賓語(yǔ)，如下列的①a和②a便是這種情形：

①a. We study every day.

b. Do you study English every day.

②a. Please write clearly next time.

b. Can you write your composition now?

如果本質(zhì)上就是不及物動(dòng)詞，就不會(huì)有賓語(yǔ);若要賓語(yǔ)，就要借介詞之助，一起連用才行，如③b和④b;③a和④a是錯(cuò)的;

*③a. The children are listening the music.

b. The children are listening to the music.

*④a. She is laughing the crippled man.

b. She is laughing at the crippled man.

反之，及物動(dòng)詞不必靠介詞，就可以帶賓語(yǔ)，如上述的①b和②b ，又如⑤和⑥：

⑤ John is giving a book to me.

⑥ Who will answer this question?

如果無(wú)意中把介詞加上，就錯(cuò)了，如：

*⑦ Who will answer to this question?

下列這句從房地產(chǎn)廣告中看到的句子，也犯了同樣的錯(cuò)：

“We have many buyers awaiting for available units here.”

“Awaiting”是個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，后面的介詞“for”是多余的，要去掉;不然把“awaiting”改為“waiting for”也行。

許多人習(xí)慣上喜歡把介詞加到及物動(dòng)詞后面，然后才帶出賓語(yǔ)。最常見(jiàn)的是“emphasize/stress on/upon”和“discuss about”，如：

⑧ Singaporeans seem to have emphasized on material gains.

⑨ In our education system, we stress upon examination results.

⑩ World leaders spent a lot of time discussing about worsening economic problems.

顯然的，這三句里的介詞“on/upon”和“about”是多余的，不必要的。

下面是些類似的錯(cuò)誤：

● The young must obey to their elders.

● Do not approach to that odd-looking man.

● The audience attacked on the rude speaker.

● Nothing can escape from his parents' eyes.

● Do you hope to serve for your nation?

● When did Susan marry with Paul?

介詞“to, on, from, for, with”都要去掉才對(duì)。

為什么會(huì)有這些錯(cuò)誤呢?主因是分不清楚及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)。其次，就是對(duì)同一個(gè)動(dòng)詞及其名詞的句型有些混淆。解決之道有二。

第一，要把“及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)”和“不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞+賓語(yǔ)”劃分清楚，如：

I did not answer him./ I did not reply to him.

He reached Londan yesterday./ He arrived in London yesterday.

第二，把及物動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞，然后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~和賓語(yǔ)，如：

Don't approach such a person.

Is oral practice a good approach to language teaching?

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