三、 常見習(xí)慣用語

(一)　知識概要

由于英語國家的語言習(xí)慣與中國的語言習(xí)慣有許多不同之處，所以造成了許多同學(xué)在做選擇或書寫，或與人交談中造成誤用中國方式來對英語的問句作解答。例如一 個小女孩十分好看，可愛，外國人見到時會講： You are so beautiful 這時的答語應(yīng)該是 Thank you 如果外國人發(fā)現(xiàn)你的英語不錯，他們會講： Your English is very good 這時中國人常常會說：不，我說的不好。這純是一種禮貌的答語，但是不符合英語習(xí)慣。它正確的答語應(yīng)是 Thank you 雖然交際英語有一些規(guī)律可講，但更重要的是學(xué)習(xí)外國的生活習(xí)慣，了解他們的文化背景，歷史淵源，這樣才能真正的學(xué)好一門外語。

(二)　正誤辨析

[誤] - What can I do for you?

- Yes， please help me

[正] - What can I do for you?

- I'd like to buy a sweater

[析] What can I do for you? 這一問語實際上用于的情景很多，要根據(jù)具體情況而定。如在商店中售貨員講這句話應(yīng)譯為：您想要點什么?在其他場合也可以被譯為：我能為您做些什么?它的答語應(yīng)是直接講出想讓對方提供的幫助。

[誤] - Which colour do you like?

- Sorry， I don't like

[正] - Which colour do you like?

- I prefer blue

[析] 由 which 來提問的問句是要回答具體的選擇，而不能泛指，泛泛的回答。如 Yes， I like it

[誤] Do you like to come with us tonight?

[正] Would you like to come with us tonight?

[析] Do you like … 問的是對方的習(xí)慣，如： Do you like swimming? Do you like collecting stamps? 而 would you like … 則是一次性的邀請、提議。邀請的英語表達法還有如下幾種：

Shall we go? 我們走吧!

Let's go? 讓我們走吧!

How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶如何?

What about a cup of coffee 喝杯咖啡如何?

Why not buy it? 為什么不買呢?

其肯定答語一般為Certainly， Yes， O.K.　All right， With pleasure

[誤] Sorry， I've kept you waiting

Not at all

[正] Sorry， I've kept you waiting

Never mind

[析] "介意不介意"這一問法與答語在中英文中有所不同。如：

- Do you mind my smoking here?　- _________

A.　Yes， do it please

B.　No， of course not

C.　Yes， take it please

D.　No， you can't take it

這時正確的選擇應(yīng)是B。 其意為：不介意，當(dāng)然不。而A選項則自相矛盾了，它應(yīng)譯為：是的我介意，請抽吧。而D選項是：不介意，你不能抽。當(dāng)向?qū)Ψ綘幥笠庖姇r，可以有以下問法：

Do you mind if I open the door?

Would you mind mailing the letter for me

其答語如果是同意應(yīng)為： Certainly not， not at all

而不同意時應(yīng)為 Yes， 或 I'm sorry

[誤] What's that man?

He is Mike

[正] What's that man?

He is a teacher

[正] Who's that man?

He is Mike (He is Mike's father)

[析] 由 what 提問是問的職業(yè)，由 who 提問問的是姓名或身份。

[誤] - How much are they?

- Half a kilo， please

[正] - How many bananas do you want?

- Half a kilo Please

[析] How much are they? 問的是價格而不是實際物品的多少。

[誤] I'm sorry， but is this the way to the park?

[正] Excuse me， but is this the way to the park?

[析] I'm sorry 是對已經(jīng)做錯了的事向?qū)Ψ降狼笗r的開始語。而 Excuse me 是在打擾對方之前表達歉意的話。

[誤] - Have a good time tonight!

- You are the same

[正] - Have a good time tonight!

- The same to you

[析] The same to you 是表達我也祝您有個愉快的夜晚，它是美語中的習(xí)慣用法。

[誤] - What's the problem?

- I've got a headache

[正] What's wrong with you?

I've got a headache

[析] What's wrong with you? 是詢問對方身體狀態(tài)如何，而 What's the problem?是問對方遇到了什么麻煩。

[誤] - Now， I'm back Can I play?

- Perhaps You'd better do your homework first

[正] - Now， I'm back Can I play?

- I'm afraid not You'd better do your homework first

[析] Perhaps 是表示對一種拿不準(zhǔn)的事態(tài)的推論，如： Am I right? Perhaps而 I'm afraid not 則表達一種不同意的態(tài)度。 be afraid 的幾種用法有：

I'm afraid that you are right

其后直接加賓語從句。

- Will you come to my birthday party?

- I'm afraid not I have to go to see my father He is in hospital

其后+not，表示否定。

- Sorry， I don't want to go there alone， I'm afraid of the dog

其后+名詞，表示對某人，某物的害怕。

Mary is afraid of making mistakes in the exam

其后+ of + 動名詞，表示害怕做某事。

Mary is afraid to see the teacher because she didn't do well in the exam

其后+ 不定式，表示不敢去做某事。

[誤] - How soon will you be ready?

- Two days

[正] - How soon will you be ready?

- In two days

[析] 此題關(guān)鍵是要根據(jù)情景，身臨其境，要注意的是對方問了什么，就應(yīng)答什么?；虼鹆耸裁淳蛻?yīng)問什么。 How soon 問的是"還有多久才能作完"，這時要用 in two days， 即在兩小時之內(nèi)即可以作完。如用 How long 提問，則答語可以用 two days。

[誤] - Would you mind if I have some time off?

- I don't mind

- Monday and Tuesday of next week

[正] - Would you mind if I have some time off?

- When exactly

- Monday and Tuesday of next week

[析] 有的對話是復(fù)雜的，稍有不慎就有可能選錯，而且英語中如選錯了答案是不容易找出錯來的。 I don't mind 是可以用來回答 Would you mind…這一提問的，但如仔細看一看則會發(fā)現(xiàn)我們要選用的不是陳述句而是疑問句。根據(jù)下面一句的答語來判定要用 when exactly? 什么時間，這樣才能與下句中具體的時間相符合。

[誤] Suppose your name is Tom The phone rings and you pick it up The first word you say will probably be "Who are you?"

[正] Suppose your name is Tom The phone rings and you pick it up The first word you say will probably be "Hello? This is Tom speaking?"

[析] 在英語學(xué)習(xí)中，習(xí)慣用法實際上在某種情況，或某種意義上講比語法更為重要。如果只從句子的角度上去分析，它們可能都是對的。比如，當(dāng)你拿起電話時，如果你 想知道對方是誰，可以問"Who's that(speaking)?"但不要講"Who are you?"如果你想先介紹一下自己可以講"This is ×××× speaking"而不要講"I'm　××××"也不要講"My name is ×××××."　就語法而論，"Who are you?" "I'm ××××""My name is ×××××"并不錯，也是英語中可用的句子，但就打電話這一場合，就不宜用了。

[誤] - Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend?

- I don't hope so

[正] - Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend?

- I hope not

[析] 由于初學(xué)者對實際英語口語中表達感情意愿的答語不熟悉，如在肯定答語中 I think so I hope so I believe so 是相同的，但在否定句中卻常用 I don't think so 但I don't believe so 和 I don't hope so 則意為：我不信此事和我不希望此事發(fā)生。而 I believe not 和 I hope not 則為：我想可能不會發(fā)生吧!

[誤] - Is anybody there?

- No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave

[正] - Is everybody there?

- No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave

[析] 許多學(xué)生在寫作和選擇答語或問句時總要語法在前，而不是習(xí)慣用語在先。所以總是要拘泥疑問句中的不定代詞，用 anybody。 但是Is anybody there? 在英語中為：這里有人嗎?而Is everybody there?為：全都到齊了嗎?所以首先要考慮的是其答語。 No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave

[誤] - Your handwriting is very good!

- No， my handwriting is very poor

[正] - Your handwriting is very good!

- Thank you

[析] 中國人遇到別人稱贊，總是以謙遜為美德。但英美人則往往認為自信是美德。所以當(dāng)別人夸獎你或贊美你時，就應(yīng)說： Thank you 又比如中國人見面時常講 Where are you going? 或 Have you had your breakfast yet?而英美人則認為你過多的干預(yù)別人的私生活了。而他們見面時往往問一些無關(guān)緊要的話，如： Hello! How are you going? (你過得怎樣) Morning! 等。而 good morning 和 How do you do 則被認為是較正規(guī)的問候語，在日常生活中則十分少見。

[誤] When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say： "Excuse me I'll go first"

[正] When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say： "Excuse me I have to go"

[析] 這兩句答語都是正確的，其關(guān)鍵不是語法，而是習(xí)慣問題。如果在這樣的場合你講 I'll go first 朋友們會迷惑不解，而 I have to go 則表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要離去，而你本人則十分不愿做此事。

[誤] - Would you like to come to dinner tonight?

- I'd like to， and I'm too busy

[正] - Would you like to come to dinner tonight?

- I'd like to， but I'm too busy

[析] I'm too busy 與 I'd like to 在意義上正好相反。所以要用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。這里考查了對詞義合乎邏輯的表達能力。所以要強調(diào)語言環(huán)境，更要強調(diào)在語言的基礎(chǔ)上的詞語辨析。

[誤] - Where's Deter?

- Deter will come with us tonight but he isn't very sure yet

[正] - Where's Deter?

- Deter may come with us tonight but he isn't very sure yet

[析] 由于 but 所引出的句子可以看出 Deter 的來與不來是十分不確定的，所以應(yīng)用 may 來表達一個不肯定的事件。

[誤] - Hi， haven't seen you for ages! You look fine!

- Great You look well too

[正] - Hi， haven't seen you for ages! You look fine!

- Thanks You look well too

[析] 要注意的是 Great 在口語中多表示驚嘆，而 Thanks 則表示感謝對方的稱贊?！∷詫η榫罢勗捯袦?zhǔn)確的判定，要根據(jù)情景，身臨其境，上下對照，周密思考，弄清場合，注意英美人的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，注重語義上的詞語 辨析，并要進行大量的語言實踐練習(xí)，擴大實際交際能力。

(三)　例題解析

1　 - Would you like to have some rice?

- _________ .

A　Yes， I like B　Yes， please C　of course D　Yes， I have

[答案] B.

[析] 當(dāng)對方對你發(fā)出邀請的問語時，如果你想接受則講 Yes， please 如不想接受則用No， thanks

2　 - Nice to see you

- _________ .

A　Good morning B　Happy to meet you， too

C　Nice to see you， too D　Pleased to meet you， too

[答案] C.

[析] 雖然A、B、D三個選項都可以作為某種問候語的答語，但英語中問候語的答語多用重復(fù)對方的話，以表達同樣的心情。

3　 - Would you please give me some water?

- _________ .

A　Yes， I would B　Certainly C　No， thanks D　Yes， please

[答案] B.

[析] 當(dāng)對方發(fā)出十分禮貌的請求幫助的問語時，一般的回答是肯定的。而Yes， please 為"是的，您請做某事吧"。這一含意顯然不對。

4　 - Thank you very much for helping me

- _________ .

A　You're welcome B　It doesn't matter

C　No need D　Don't say that

[答案] A.

[析] You're welcome 譯為中文為：不用謝。而 It doesn't matter 則為：沒關(guān)系。

5　 - Hello， Lucy How are you?

- _________ And you?

A　Fine， thanks B　Yes， I am

C　Glad to meet you D　Good afternoon

[答案] A.

[析] 在正常交往中一定要避免所問非所答。所以對 How are you? 的答語應(yīng)為"很好，謝謝!"

6　 - Help yourself to some meat

- _________

A　It sounds nice. B　Yes， please.

C　Yes， Let's help each other. D　Thank you.

[答案] D.

[析] Help yourself to some meat. 你自己拿些肉吃吧。其意為主人勸客人不要客氣，像在家里一樣。

7　 - Oh， I am not feeling well I've got a cold

- _________

A　Fine， How are you? B　Never mind Take care

C　Well， I 'm sure to get weel soon. D　I'm sorry to hear that

[答案] D.

[析] 這是美國、英國的習(xí)慣用語，而B、 C則是中國人常講的答語。

8　 - Meimei you speak English very well

- _________ .

A　No， I don't think so B　Thank you very much

C　Not good enough D　That's all right

[答案] B.

9　 - "Kate， could you answer the telephone， please?"

- _________ , Mum I'll get it.

A　Yes， I could B　No， thanks

C　OK D　Yes， but I have no time

[答案] C.

[析] 要注意 could 用于口語中是為了講話的口氣委婉，但它不是過去時態(tài)，也不是助動詞，而應(yīng)看作情態(tài)動詞。所以在答語中則不應(yīng)這樣用。

10　 - Could you look after Polly for me while we're away?

- _________

A　No， thanks. B　With pleasure.

C　I'm not afraid. D　I'm sure you will.

[答案] B.

[析] With pleasure 是英語中的一句十分客氣的答語，用在當(dāng)對方因你的幫助或你的許諾向你道謝時，表達自己十分樂意為對方效力的口氣。

11　 - Hello! Could I speak to the headmaster， please?

- _________

A　Hold on， please. B　That's the headmaster， please.

C　Who are you ? please. D　Sorry I'm not the headmaster.

[答案] A.

[析] hold on， please 是指請對方等一等不要將電話放下的用語。如果要講我就是的話不能用 that， 而要用 this， 在電話用語中 that 指對方， this 指自己。

12　 - Happy birthday!

- _________

A　Thank you. B　The same to you.

C　Good luck. D　Congratulations.

[答案] A.

[析] the same to you 是同樣祝賀對方的意思，不能用于生日這一祝賀語，除非兩人的生日在同一天。

13　 - I'm sorry I don't know the way， either You'd better ask that policeman for help

- _________

A　Good night. B　That's nothing.

C　Very well. D　Thank you all the same.

[答案] D.

[析] 當(dāng)向?qū)Ψ角笾鷷r，對方無能為力，這時的感謝語則為 Thank you all the same 意為不管如何還是要謝謝你。

14　 - I fell and hurt my leg last week， So I can't do anything

- _________ .

A　I'm sorry B　Don't worry

C　Good luck D　Bad luck

[答案] D.

[析] 如果用A則要用 I'm sorry to hear that而不能單用 I'm sorry 因I'm sorry 是向?qū)Ψ降狼?。?bad luck 為真是不幸啊。

15　 - _________

- I have got a cough

A　What's your trouble? B　What have you got?

C　Why did you come here? D　Have you got a cough?

[答案] A.

[析] What's your trouble? 多用于問對方有什么問題、麻煩或得了什么病。這種用語還有 What's wrong with you?

16　 - Would you like to go shopping with me?

- _________

A　Yes， I'd love to. B　That's right.

C　Yes， please. D　Quite well.

[答案] A.

[析] 表示愿意作某事應(yīng)講：I'd love to I'd like to

17　 - What's the weather like today!

- _________

A　It's nice for a walk. B　I like autumn best of all.

C　It will be fine tomorrow. D　It's rather cold today.

[答案] D.

[析] 本題要注意問的是什么，不要所問非所答。因問題是今天的天氣怎樣，所以只能選D

18　 - Is Jane in ，please? I want to speak to her

- Sorry， she is out You'd better _________ .

A　visit her in the office B　call her later

C　see her this afternoon D　speak to her yourself

[答案] B.

[析] call her later 晚些時候再來電話。

19　 - _________

- Very well， thank you， and you?

A　How do you do? B　Good morning

C　How are you these days? D　How do you like English?

[答案] C.

[析] 本題是由答語來推斷問話，所以應(yīng)熟悉英語的問答習(xí)慣： How do you do? 的答語應(yīng)為 How do you do?

20　 - How is your mother?

- _________

A　She is old. B　She is no better than she was.

C　She is kindhearted. D　She is in her forties.

[答案] B.

[析] How is your mother? 問的是你媽身體如何，而B選項則是"她不比以前強"。而其他三個選項則是所問非所答。

21　 - Thank you very much for your help

- _________ .

A　You're welcome B　Please don't

C　There's no trouble D　No， no

[答案] A.

22　 Your uncle has taken you to the cinema Afterwards you thank him

He says " _________ ."

A　It was nothing B　I'm glad you enjoyed it

C　Don't say it D　No， needn't

[答案] B.

[析] 這是英語的答語，千萬不要選A，因它是中文習(xí)慣的答語。

23　 - Thank you for your good present

- _________ .

A　It's not good B　No， no

C　My pleasure D　Never mind

[答案] C.

24　 When someone did a good deed for you， you should say _________ .

A.you are too good B.It's very kind of you C.you are very kind D.I'll thank you

[答案] B.

25　 - I am very sorry I am late for dinner

- _________ .

A.No， you aren't B.That's all right C.Yes， you are D.No， you don't

[答案] B.

[析] That's all right 沒關(guān)系。

26　 - I'm sorry if I hurt you

- _________ .

A　I'm sorry B　It's not true

C　It doesn't matter D　Don't say sorry

[答案] C.

27　 - I should have gone to see the exhibition with you

- _________ .

A　I'm sorry B　What a pity

C　It doesn't matter to me D　That's terrible

[答案] B.

[析] What a pity. 真遺憾。第一句應(yīng)為我真該和你一起去展覽會。

28　 - Help yourself to some fish

- _________ .

A　You are very kind B　Yes， I'm helping myself

C　Thank you D　Yes， don't worry about me

[答案] C.

29　 - Are you ready?-______ .

A　I'm very sorry B　Try to be patient

C　Not yet， wait a minute D　Do you have the time， please?

[答案] C.

[析] not yet 意為還沒有完成。

30　 - Mum， I have passed the exam

- _________ .

A　That's all right B　Congratulations

C　You are luck D　Good luck to you

[答案] B.

31　 - I think I have to leave I hope we can get together again

- _________ .

A　All right B　That's all right

C　OK D　I hope so， too

[答案] D.

32　 Must I wait till he comes back? .

A　No， you needn't B　No， you mustn't

C　No， you may not D　No， you can't

[答案] A.

[析] must 提問表示必須這樣做嗎?而肯定句要用 must， 表示必須做，而否定句則要用 needn't 表示沒有必要做。

33　 - _________ I pay you the house rent right away?

- Yes， you have to do it

A　Shall B　Way C　Must D　Have

[答案] C.

34　 - Don't you think this colour is too bright?

- _________

A　Yes， I agree. B　Yes， but I don't think so.

C　Yes， of course not. D　Yes， what's wrong?

[答案] A.

35　 - It was cold yesterday

- _________ .

A　So was it B　So it was

C　I believe not so D　I believe not

[答案] B.

[析] 當(dāng)答語只是重復(fù)對方講的話時，則不用倒裝。因 so it was即為：是的，天氣昨天很冷。而當(dāng)講前面講的動作也適合于另一個人時，則要倒裝。如： I went to the cinema yesterday So did I 表示對方去了電影院，我也去了。

36　 - What do you think of the song?

- _________ .

A　I like music very much B　I like it too

C　With pleasure D　It sounds sweet

[答案] D.

[析] sound 在這里是系動詞，為聽起來很甜美。系動詞后要用形容詞，而不要用被動語態(tài)。

37　 Do you like tea or coffee? _________ .

A　Yes， I do B　Thank you

C　That's fine D　Either will do

[答案] D.

[析] either will do 為兩者哪個都可以。

38　 I like your sweater very much _________ .

A　No， it's ugly B　Sorry

C　Thank you D　You're welcome

[答案] C.

[析] 這是英美語言的習(xí)慣。

39　 He likes travelling by train _________ .

A　So do I B　I dos

C　I like so D　I like it， neither

[答案] A.

40　 - How do you like your school?

- _________ .

A　I like it very much B　It's very beautiful

C　I doesn't like it D　Very well

[答案] B.

[析] How do you like … 是問你們學(xué)校是怎樣值得你熱愛的。也就是為什么你熱愛你的學(xué)校。

41　 What a nice day! _________

A　You're right. B　No， isn't it?

C　Yes， isn't it? D　Really?

[答案] C.

[析] Yes， isn't it 是的，難道不是個好天氣嗎?

42　 - Hello， _________ ?

- This is Della speaking

A　Who are you B　Are you Tom

C　Who is that D　Please tell me who are you

[答案] C.

[析] 電話用語中 that 指對方，而 this 指自己。

43　 -What's he like?

- _________ .

A　He likes English B　He is old

C　He is like a farmer D　He is tall and this

[答案] D.

[析] 要區(qū)分 What's he like? 如 What does he like? 前者為：他長得什么樣?而后者是：他喜歡什么。

44　 How did you do your job?

Not very well， _________ .

A　I'm sure B　I am afraid

C　Thank you D　I'm sorry

[答案] B.

[析] I am afraid 我恐怕是，我想是。

45　 - _________ your aunt?

-She is a principal of a middle school

A　What does B　Where does

C　What is D　Whom is

[答案] C.

46　 - _________

- He is my boss

A　What's the man? B　Who is the man?

C　How is the man? D　What does the man do?

[答案] B.

47　 - May I have your name?

- _________ .

A　No， no B　You're polite

C　Call me John D　It's kind of you

[答案] C.

48　 - Shall I make coffee for you?

- _________ .

A　Yes， thank you B　No， don't trouble

C　Don't trouble this， thank you D　No， don't make it

[答案] A.

49　 - Could you show me the way to Mr Buown's office?

- _________ .

A　Not at all B　I'm sure

C　All right D　I can do it

[答案] C.

50　 - Shall we go swimming tomorrow afternoon?

- _________ .

A　It's very kind of you B　You are so thoughtful

C　That's a good idea D　Yes， we'll go

[答案] C.

                   本文由北京教師考試網(wǎng)提供

（責(zé)任編輯：中大編輯）