浙江省教授招聘考試小學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科考試試題

              （樣卷）

第一部分：小學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科教學(xué)內(nèi)容

說明：本部分測(cè)試考生對(duì)小學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科教學(xué)內(nèi)容掌握情況，本部分共26小題，共30分，分為四節(jié)。第一節(jié)：字母和單詞注音；第二節(jié)：翻譯；第三節(jié)：完形填空；第四節(jié)：寫作。

第一節(jié)：字母和單詞注音（共10小題；每小題0。5分，滿分5分）

1. w [         ]     2. z [         ]     3. l  [         ]     4. beds [        ]

5. reading [      ]        6. worker [       ]     7. kitchen [       ]

8. begun [       ]        9. can’t  [       ]     10.said  [        ]      

第二節(jié)：翻譯題 把下面的句子翻譯成為英文（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）

11．幾經(jīng)周折，我才在一家金礦找到一份工作。

12．那時(shí)這被認(rèn)為是一次技術(shù)革命，也是我人工智能研究的開始。

13．到了這個(gè)時(shí)候，他的餐館本該賓客盈門。

14. 昨天我們見了面，我做自我介紹時(shí)，他靠得很近。

15. 事情得經(jīng)過時(shí)這樣的。

第三節(jié)：完形填空 閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）。

Since my family were not going to be helpful, I decided I would look for one all by myself and not tell them about it till I’d got one.

I had seen an agency advertised in a local newspaper. I rushed out of the house in search of it. I was wildly excited, and as  _16_ as if I were going on the stage. Finding the place quite easily, I ran breathlessly through a door which said “Enter without knocking, if you please.”

The simple atmosphere of the office  17  me. The woman looked carefully at me for a while through her glasses, and then  18  me in a low voice. I answered softly. All of a sudden I started to feel rather hopeless She wondered why I was looking for this sort of  19  . I felt even more helpless when she told me that it would be difficult to get a job without  20   .I wondered whether I ought to leave, when the telephone on her desk rang. I heard her say:

“  __21___, I’ve got someone in the office at this very moment who might  22 .” She wrote down a number, and held it out to me, saying: “Ring up this lady. She wants a  __23   immediately. In fact, you would have to start tomorrow by cooking a dinner for ten people.”

“Oh yes,” said I--- never having cooked for more than four in my life. I  24  her again and again, and rushed out to the nearest telephone box. I collected my thoughts, took a deep breath, and rang the number. I said confidently that I was just what she was looking for.

I spent the next few hours  25  cook books.

16. A. proud         B. pleased             C. nervous           D. worried

17. A. calmed      B. excited               C. frightened       D. disturbed

18. A. advised       B. examined            C. informed      D. questioned

19. A. place         B. job               C. advice           D. help

20. A. ability        B. experience          C. knowledge        D. study

21. A. Above all      B. As a matter of fact   C.   As a result       D. In spite of that

22. A. hire           B. accept              C. suit            D. offer

23. A. cook           B. help                C. teacher              D. secretary

24. A. answered       B. promised            C. thanked          D. told

25. A. borrowing      B. buying              C. reading              D. writing 第四節(jié)：寫作（1小題，滿分10分）

26．書面表達(dá)：

現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越多的學(xué)生使用詞典，有人選擇使用傳統(tǒng)詞典，有人則喜歡使用電子詞典。請(qǐng)你以“Printed dictionary or E-dictionary, which do you prefer?”為題，按照下列要點(diǎn)寫一篇英語(yǔ)短文，可根據(jù)需要適當(dāng)發(fā)揮：

1、傳統(tǒng)詞典：內(nèi)容詳、例句多… 缺點(diǎn)：攜帶不便…

2、電子詞典：省時(shí)、方便… 缺點(diǎn)：例句少…

3、我選用的詞典及理由

注意：1、詞數(shù)：100-120 文章題目和開頭已給出（不計(jì)入詞數(shù)）。

          2、參考詞匯：電子詞典 e-dictionary  傳統(tǒng)詞典  printed dictionary 

條目 entry        釋義  definition

Printed dictionary or E-dictionary, which do you prefer?

Nowadays more and more students use dictionaries as study aids. Some think that it is better to use ...

第二部分：高等學(xué)校對(duì)應(yīng)于小學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科教學(xué)內(nèi)容

說明：本部分測(cè)試考生對(duì)高等學(xué)校對(duì)應(yīng)于小學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科教學(xué)內(nèi)容掌握情況，本部分共17小題，共30分，分為四節(jié)。第一節(jié)：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)選擇；第二節(jié)：翻譯題；第三節(jié)：閱讀理解題；第四節(jié)：寫作。

第一節(jié)：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)選擇：從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）。

27. I am sorry I have no time at present to ____ more detail or give you an account of other cities

of interest.
A. bring into                  B. take into           C. come into           D. go into

28. Jim says that he is willing to ____ tomorrow’s meeting.

A. preside                B. chair            C. lead                D. take part

29. Living in the western part of the country has its problems, ________ obtaining fresh water is not the least.  

A. with which             B. for which        C. of which            D. which

30. _________ is usually meaning-distinctive in Chinese, but in English it is not.

A. stress              B. tone              C. intonation         D. phoneme

31. With the publication of The Sun Also Sun Rises, ______ became the spokesman for what Gertrude Stein had called “a Lost Generation”.

A. Fitzgerald           B. Faulkner        C. Hemingway       D. Steinbeck

第二節(jié)：翻譯題：（1小題；滿分5分）

32．把下面短文劃線部分翻譯成中文。

I find young people exciting. They have an air of freedom, and they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love of comfort. They are not anxious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things. All this seems to me to link them with life, and the origins of things. It’s as if they were, in some sense, cosmic beings in violent and lovely contrast with us suburban creatures. All that is in my mind when I meet a young person. He may be conceited, ill-mannered, presumptuous or fatuous, but I do not turn for protection to dreary clichés about respect for elders—as if mere age were a reason for respect. I accept that we are equals, and I will argue with him, as an equal, if I think he is wrong.

第三節(jié)：閱讀理解題 閱讀下面的短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)A、B、C和D中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）。

                               （一）

As a wise man once said, we are all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an ever earlier age. This isn’t the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations, but a fact of Europe’s new economic landscape, embraced by sociologists, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the “irresistible momentum of individualism” over the last century. The communications revolution, the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have greatly wreaked havoc on(擾亂) Europeans’ private lives.
    Europe’s new economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward independence. The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europe’s shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American style capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, today’s tech-savvy(精通技術(shù)的) workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so.
    Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriage-twenty something professionals or widowed senior citizens. While pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a large proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice. Living alone was conceived to be negative-dark and cold, while being together suggested warmth and light. But then came along the idea of singles. They were young, beautiful, strong! Now, young people want to live alone.
    The booming economy means people are working harder than ever. And that doesn’t leave much room for relationships. Pimpi Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in Paris, says he hasn’t got time to get lonely because he has too much work. “I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fairly difficult.” Only an Ideal Woman would make him change his lifestyle, he says. Kaufmann, author of a recent book called “The Single Woman and Prince Charming,” thinks this fierce new individualism means that people expect more and more of mates, so relationships don’t last long-if they start at all. Eppendorf, a blond Berliner with a deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps, resting up for going dancing. Just shy of 50, she says she’d never have wanted to do what her mother did-give up a career to raise a family. Instead, “I’ve always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life.”
33. More and more young Europeans remain single because           .
A. they are driven by an overwhelming sense of individualism
B. they have entered the workforce at a much earlier age
C. they have embraced a business culture of stability
D. they are pessimistic about their economic future
34. What is said about European society in the passage?
A. It has fostered the trend towards small families.
B. It is getting closer to American-style capitalism.
C. It has limited consumer choice despite a free market.
D. It is being threatened by irresistible privatization.
35. According to Paragraph 3, the newest group of singles are            .
A. warm and lighthearted                  B. on either side of marriage
C. negative and gloomy                    D. healthy and wealthy
36. The author quotes Eppendorf to show that            .
A. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom
B. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe
C. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely
D. most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable
37. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A. To review the impact of women becoming high earners.
B. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism.
C. To examine the trend of young people living alone.
D. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships. （二）

It is hard to track the blue whale, the ocean’s largest creature which has almost been killed off by commercial whaling and is now listed as an endangered species. Attaching radio devices to it is difficult and visual sightings are too unreliable to give real insight into its behavior.

So biologists were delighted early this year when with the help of the Navy they were able to track a particular blue whale for 43 days monitoring its sounds. This was possible because of the Navy’s formerly top-secret system of underwater listening devices spanning the oceans. Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies.

Earth scientists announced at a news conference recently that they had used the system for closely monitoring a deep-sea volcanic eruption for the first time and that they plan similar studies. Other scientists have proposed to use the network for tracking ocean currents and measuring changes in ocean and global temperatures. The speed of sound in water is roughly one mile a second-slower than through land but faster than through air. What is most important different layers of ocean water can act as channels for sounds focusing them in the same way a stethoscope does when it carries faint noises from a patient’s chest to a doctor’s ear. This focusing is the main reason that even relatively weak sounds in the ocean especially low-frequency ones can often travel thousands of miles.

38. The passage is chiefly about ______. 　　
A an effort to protect an endangered marine species.
B the civilian use of a military detection system.
C the exposure of a U.S. Navy top-secret weapon.
D a new way to look into the behavior of blue whales.

39. The underwater listening system was originally designed ______. 　　
A to trace and locate enemy vessels 　　
B to monitor deep-sea volcanic eruptions 　　
C to study the movement of ocean currents 　　
D to replace the global radio communications network 　
40. The deep-sea listening system makes use of ____ . 　　
A the sophisticated technology of focusing sounds under water 　　
B the capability of sound to travel at high speed 　　
C the unique property of layers of ocean water in transmitting sound 　　
D low-frequency sounds travelling across different layers of water 　
41. It can be inferred from the passage that____. 　　
A new radio devices should be developed for tracking the endangered blue whales 　　
B blue whales are no longer endangered with the use of the new listening system 　　
C opinions differ as to whether civilian scientists should be allowed to use military           technology 　

D military technology has great potential in civilian use 　

42. Which of the following is true about the U.S. Navy underwater listening network?
A It is now partly accessible to civilian scientists. 　　
B It has been replaced by a more advanced system. 　　
C It became useless to the military after the cold war. 　　
D It is indispensable in protecting endangered species.

第四節(jié)：寫作：（1題；滿分10分）

43．以O(shè)n Aging of the population 為題，寫一篇長(zhǎng)為120－150詞的小作文。 第三部分：英語(yǔ)課程與教學(xué)理論知識(shí)

說明：本部分測(cè)試考生對(duì)英語(yǔ)課程與教學(xué)理論知識(shí)掌握情況，本部分共14小題，共30分，分為四節(jié)。第一節(jié)：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)選擇填空；第二節(jié)：填空題；第三節(jié)：簡(jiǎn)答題；第四節(jié)：論述題。

第一節(jié)：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)選擇填空（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）。

44、英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了小學(xué)階段二級(jí)的語(yǔ)音知識(shí)具體目標(biāo)。英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音知識(shí)涵蓋語(yǔ)音的認(rèn)讀、音節(jié)的識(shí)別、詞匯的辨認(rèn)、_______、句子的理解，也涵蓋語(yǔ)調(diào)、節(jié)奏、音重和語(yǔ)流運(yùn)作的規(guī)律。

    A、語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)的感知   B、語(yǔ)法的認(rèn)知  C、目標(biāo)的獲取     D、語(yǔ)義的判斷

45、一般而言，中小學(xué)英語(yǔ)單元教材可以分為三大系統(tǒng)，它們主次分明，_______是源，作業(yè)系統(tǒng)和圖表系統(tǒng)是流，三者相輔相成。

    A、非文本系統(tǒng)   B、主題系統(tǒng)    C、知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)     D、文本符號(hào)系統(tǒng)

46. 英語(yǔ)與漢語(yǔ)不盡相同，英語(yǔ)是_______。就英語(yǔ)閱讀過程而言，閱讀首先是個(gè)體把文字符號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換為語(yǔ)音碼的過程；其次，英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音與字母或字母組合有著相對(duì)的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，其語(yǔ)音操作由語(yǔ)義潛勢(shì)；其三，語(yǔ)音是短時(shí)工作記憶的載體。

    A、語(yǔ)言符號(hào)系統(tǒng)  B、音節(jié)文字系統(tǒng)  C、拼音文字系統(tǒng)   D、表意文字系統(tǒng)

47．Austin和Searle的學(xué)說是“任務(wù)型”教學(xué)研究一個(gè)十分重要的理論來(lái)源。 Searle認(rèn)為，語(yǔ)言交際單位不是單詞或句子等語(yǔ)言單位，而是_______。 

    A. 語(yǔ)言行為      B. 言語(yǔ)行為      C. 文字符號(hào)      D.心理表征

48. 小學(xué)英語(yǔ)_______ 對(duì)新知識(shí)沒有任何明確的計(jì)劃和要求，它是一個(gè)將聽、說、讀、寫、玩、表、唱等形式融為一體的英語(yǔ)課。

     A.活動(dòng)課      B. 綜合課      C. 口語(yǔ)課         D. 鞏固復(fù)習(xí)課

第二節(jié)：填空題（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）。

49. Theory is ______ in the practice of language teaching. It reveals itself in the assumptions underlying practice, in the planning of a course of study, in the routines of the classroom, in the value judgements about language teaching, and in the decisions that the language teacher has to make day by day.

50. The ______ view of language sees language as a linguistic system made up of various subsystems: the sound system (phonology); the discrete units of meaning produced by sound combinations (morphology); and the system of combining units of meaning for communication (syntax).

51. ____ learning emphasizes the task rather than the language in learning process.

52. PPP stands for Presentation, Practice and _____. In PPP method classes or sequences, the teacher presents the context and situation for the language, and both explains and demonstrates the meaning and form of the new language. The students then practice making sentences before going on to another stage in which they talk or write more freely.

53.The _____ theory of language learning was initiated by the psychologist Skinner, who applied Watson and Raynor’s theory of conditioning to the way humans acquire languages

第三節(jié)：簡(jiǎn)答題（共3小題；每小題5分，滿分15分）。

54．為什么說英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音的訓(xùn)練和教學(xué)是首要的、基礎(chǔ)的，它要貫穿在英語(yǔ)教與學(xué)活動(dòng)的始終？

55．什么是教學(xué)模式？請(qǐng)舉典型例子說明。

56．為什么說英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法教學(xué)是基于語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)而存在的？

第四節(jié)：論述題（1題，滿分15分）。

57．論英語(yǔ)閱讀教學(xué)中生詞量和語(yǔ)法難易度控制，并舉例說明。 參考答案：

第一部分：中學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科教學(xué)內(nèi)容

第一節(jié)：字母和單詞注音（共10小題；每小題0。5分，滿分5分）

1. w   [`dʌb(ə)lju:]         2. z [zed]            3. l  [el]           4. beds [ bedz ]

5. reading  [`ri:diŋ]         6. worker [`wə:kə]     7. kitchen [[`kitʃin]

8. begun [[bi`ɡʌn]           9. can’t  [kɑ:nt]       10.said    [sed]    

第二節(jié)：翻譯題 把下面的句子翻譯成為英文（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）

11． 幾經(jīng)周折，我才在一家金礦找到一份工作。

（After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine.）

12．那時(shí)這被認(rèn)為是一次技術(shù)革命，也是我人工智能研究的開始。

   （At that time, it was considered a technological revolution and the start of my study of artificial inteligence.）

13．到了這個(gè)時(shí)候，他的餐館本該賓客盈門。

   （By now his restaurant ought to be full of poeple.）

14. 昨天我們見了面，我做自我介紹時(shí)，他靠得很近。

   （When we met yesterday, he moved close to me as I introduced myself.）

15. 事情得經(jīng)過時(shí)這樣的。

    （This is how the story goes.）

第三節(jié)：完形填空（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）

16. C. nervous ，17. A. calmed，18. D. questioned，19. B. job ，20. B. experience  

21. B. As a matter of fact ，22. C.suit ，23. A. cook    ，24.C.thanked ，25.C.reading

第四節(jié)：寫作（1題，滿分10分）

26．書面表達(dá) 

A:   Nowadays more and more students use dictionaries as study aids. Some think that it is better to use the printed dictionary. They consider that it has more entries which are complete and detailed，while the e-dictionary offers limited information.

However, some others hold the opposite view. They think that an e-dictionary is smart and cool to use as well as time-saving. Meanwhile, it has many other practical functions. But a printed dictionary is not so convenient to carry.

Personally, I prefer the printed dictionary because it has many advantages. First, it provides more entries. Besides, the definitions are followed by more examples，which makes it easier for us to understand. Most important of all, it provides enough contexts for us to develop a good sense of language and to improve our writing. (116 w)

B:  Nowadays more and more students use dictionaries as study aids. Some think that it is better to use the e-dictionary. They consider that an e-dictionary is smart and cool to use as well as time-saving. Meanwhile, it has many other practical functions. But a printed dictionary is not so convenient to carry.

However, some others hold the opposite view. They think the printed dictionary has more entries which are complete, detailed with more examples while the e-dictionary provides limited information.

Personally I prefer the e-dictionary. First, it’s very handy and cute. Besides, it’s very practical and helpful. Not only is it a dictionary, it’s also a calculator, a calendar, and a timekeeper as well. It can even teach the learner how to pronounce a word. Above all, most entries of the e-dictionary are up to date. (118 w)  第二部分：高等學(xué)校對(duì)應(yīng)于中學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科教學(xué)內(nèi)容

第一節(jié)：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)選擇：從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）。

27，D、28，B、29，C、30，B、31，C

第二節(jié)：翻譯題：（1小題；滿分5分）

32．把下面短文劃線部分翻譯成中文。

參考譯文：

我覺得年輕人令人振奮。他們無(wú)拘無(wú)束；既不追逐卑鄙的名利，也不貪圖生活的舒適。他們不熱衷于向上爬，也不一味追求物質(zhì)享受。在我看來(lái)，所有這些使他們與生命和萬(wàn)物之源聯(lián)系在了一起。在某種意義上講，他們似乎是宇宙人，同我們這些凡夫俗子形成了強(qiáng)烈而鮮明的對(duì)照。

第三節(jié)：閱讀理解題 閱讀下面的短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)A、B、C和D中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）。

33，A、34，B、35，D、36，A、37，C、 38，B、39，A、40，C、41，D、42，A

第四節(jié)：寫作：（1題；滿分10分）

43．以O(shè)n Aging of the population 為題，寫一篇長(zhǎng)為120－150詞的小作文。

參考譯文：

Aging of the population

People in China are living longer and longer while new babies are insufficient to take place of them. As a result, china has become an aging society, with the population over 60 reaching 134 million, or more than 10 percent of the country’s 1.3 billion total.

The aging of the population is putting more and more serious pressure on both society and family. National expenditure for the aging population is always on the increase. To make matters worse, a declining proportion of the working population is likely to hinder the economic development. As for the young couples, they are struggling harder and harder to support their old parents while raising their children at the same time.

Among the following three ways to address, the first is to pay due attention to guaranteeing the basic living standards of the elderly and safeguarding their legitimate rights and interests. Secondly, the elderly should be given full chance to play an active role in our social life and make a contribution to the whole society. Last, but not least, we should persist in our efforts to develop the market which provides products for the elderly and stimulate the growth of our economy. 第三部分：中學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科課程與教學(xué)論

第一節(jié)：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)選擇（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）。

44，D、45，B、46，C、47，B.，48、A

第二節(jié)：填空題（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）。

49. implicit，50. structural，51.Task-based，52. Production，53.behaviourist

第三節(jié)：簡(jiǎn)答題（共3小題；每小題5分，滿分15分）。

54．為什么說英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音的訓(xùn)練和教學(xué)是首要的、基礎(chǔ)的，它要貫穿在英語(yǔ)教與學(xué)活動(dòng)的始終？首先英語(yǔ)是拼音文字系統(tǒng)，它與形義之間關(guān)系密切，三者相互依存，相輔相成，語(yǔ)義的獲取是以語(yǔ)音為中介的；其次，就個(gè)體語(yǔ)言發(fā)展而言，口語(yǔ)（語(yǔ)音）先于書面語(yǔ)而存在，而發(fā)展。離開了語(yǔ)音，英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言教與學(xué)便是一句空話。所以說英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音訓(xùn)練和教學(xué)是首要的，是基礎(chǔ)的。

55．教學(xué)模式是以教學(xué)思想、教學(xué)理論為根據(jù)而建構(gòu)起來(lái)的模型或范式。典型的教學(xué)模式有夸美紐斯的觀察－記憶－理解－練習(xí)模式；布魯姆的掌握學(xué)習(xí)模式等。P70 

56．從學(xué)習(xí)者知識(shí)表征來(lái)看，英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法是顯性語(yǔ)言規(guī)則的內(nèi)部心理表征；從教學(xué)的視角來(lái)看，英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法通過教學(xué)表征才能實(shí)現(xiàn)學(xué)生語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)的心理表征。就英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)過程而言，語(yǔ)法具有語(yǔ)義的潛勢(shì)，英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)必須與語(yǔ)義相關(guān)聯(lián)。英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法教學(xué)必然是意義彰顯，內(nèi)涵豐富的個(gè)體心理過程。因此，英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法教學(xué)是不能脫離個(gè)體學(xué)習(xí)的意義，所以說英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法教學(xué)是基于語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)的存在。

第四節(jié)：論述題15％

57．論英語(yǔ)閱讀教學(xué)中生詞量和語(yǔ)法難易度控制，并舉例說明。

對(duì)中小學(xué)生而言，英語(yǔ)閱讀既是意義事件，又是語(yǔ)言事件。生詞量和語(yǔ)法難易度是衡量語(yǔ)篇可讀性的重要指標(biāo)，于是，生詞量和語(yǔ)法難易度成了英語(yǔ)教材編制和閱讀教學(xué)的重要參數(shù)。英語(yǔ)生詞量的多寡，語(yǔ)法難易度的高低直接影響著讀者對(duì)篇章的理解和語(yǔ)義建構(gòu)，也影響著個(gè)體語(yǔ)言能力的發(fā)展。過多的生詞和過難的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目使語(yǔ)篇理解變得更加困難，甚至使語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)義無(wú)法建構(gòu)。

不同類型的閱讀有不同的生詞量要求和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。一般來(lái)說，作為精讀課閱讀語(yǔ)篇的生詞量一般低于有效閱讀詞匯總量的3%；作為泛讀閱讀語(yǔ)篇的生詞量一般低于有效閱讀詞匯總量的1％。如果教材的生詞總量過大，首先，教師應(yīng)在教學(xué)中適當(dāng)增加閱讀量，以便降低閱讀的生詞量，減少有生詞量過大而造成的閱讀障礙；其次，根據(jù)生詞的難易度和頻度，把英語(yǔ)詞匯的記憶與理解融進(jìn)聽、說、讀、寫、譯等語(yǔ)言活動(dòng)之中。從而減輕學(xué)生記憶上的負(fù)擔(dān)，提高學(xué)習(xí)效率。

語(yǔ)法難易度也是英語(yǔ)閱讀與閱讀教學(xué)不可忽視的問題。語(yǔ)法既是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言功能的存在，又是元語(yǔ)言功能的存在。教學(xué)中教師要根據(jù)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)分析語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目的可學(xué)性，由淺入深，由易至難，由簡(jiǎn)單到復(fù)雜，循序漸進(jìn)，控制英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法教學(xué)中的難度。讓學(xué)生在例示中理解和感知語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，在句子和語(yǔ)篇中操練語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，在不同的語(yǔ)言活動(dòng)中提煉語(yǔ)法意識(shí)。

語(yǔ)言是意義和結(jié)構(gòu)的結(jié)合體，語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)和發(fā)展總是與結(jié)構(gòu)和意義相伴而行。通過閱讀學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法，以閱讀控制語(yǔ)法難度，體悟語(yǔ)法意義和功能，提煉學(xué)生的語(yǔ)法意識(shí)，又以語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)促進(jìn)學(xué)生英語(yǔ)閱讀能力的發(fā)展，使英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)與閱讀技能的發(fā)展相得益彰不失為英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)的有效途徑。（考生必須舉例說明）

（責(zé)任編輯：中大編輯）