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寫作熱點：

1. 介紹一個你所認識的人。

2. 老師是個很好的職業(yè)。

3. 交通方式

重點篇章：

1.

One of the favorite foods in the United States is the hamburger, a kind of flat round bread with fine-cut beef in between. The favorite place to buy a hamburger is a fast food restaurant. At fast food restaurants, people order their food, wait a few minutes to get it over the counter, and carry it to their tables themselves. People also take their food out of the restaurant to eat it in their cars or in their homes. At some fast food restaurants, people can order their food, pay for it and pick it up without leaving their cars.

There are many kinds of fast food restaurants in the United States. Most of the restaurants sell hamburgers or other popular foods among Americans. In addition, there are many fast food restaurants that serve Chinese food, Italian food, chicken, seafood and ice cream. The idea of a fast food restaurant is so popular that nearly every kind of food can be found in one.

Fast food restaurants are popular because they show the American way of life. First, they are not formal restaurants. People wear any type of dress when they go to a fast food place. Second, they are fast. People who are busy do not want to spend time preparing their food or waiting while someone else prepares it. In fast food restaurants the food is usually ready before the customer even orders it. Finally, most food in a fast food restaurant is not expensive. Therefore, people can often eat at a fast food restaurant without spending too much money, while they may not be able to go to more expensive restaurants very often.

2.

Psychology is the study of the mind and mental activities. For example, psychologists are interested in why some things make you sad, but others make you happy. They want to know why some people are shy, but others are quite talkative. They also want to know why people do the things that they do. They test intelligence.

Psychologists deal with the minds and behavior of people. Your mind consists of all your feelings, thoughts, and ideas. It is the results of one part of the brain called the cerebrum(大腦). Your behavior is the way you act or conduct yourself. Examples of behavior include shouting , crying, laughing, and sleeping.

Several people have been instrumental in the field of psychology. Wilhelm Wundt set up the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany, in 1879. Ivan Pavlov, a Russian, is noted for his experiments with dogs in which he studied their reflexes(反射作用) and reactions. Around 1900, Sigmund Freud stated his theory that people try to repress any memories or thoughts that they believed were not good.

Psychologists should not be confused with psychiatrists. Psychiatrists deal only with mental illness. They are medical doctors who treat people.

3.

Within closely related groups you may observe slightly different feeding techniques. In the spruce-fir forests of northern New England and Canada, five warbler species peacefully coexist in the same trees, each feeding in a slightly different manner. The Cape May warbler looks for insects mainly in the tops of trees at the outer tips of the branches. The yellow-rumpled warbler feeds nearer the trunk, on the lower branches of the tree, and on the ground. The black-throated green warbler feeds primarily at middle elevation in the trees, on the tips of branches, and midway from the tips to the trunk. It hovers to reach insects more than any of the others. The Blackburnian warbler searches the other tips of the tree from mid-height to the top. The bay-breasted warbler feeds in the lower half of the same trees, mainly away from the outer tips of the branches. By dividing the tree into different sections, five species are able to exploit what would seem like only a single food source.

4.

Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. Neither kind of sleep is at all well understood, but REM sleep is assumed to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more mysterious. The new experiments, such as those described for the first time at a recent meeting of the society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations for the purpose of non-REM sleep.

For example, it has long been known that total sleep deprivation is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, upon examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A researcher has now cast light on the mystery of why the animal die. The rats develop bacterial infections of the blood, as if their immune systems, the self-protecting mechanism against diseases, had crashed.

5.

It doesn’t matter when or how much a person sleeps, but everyone needs some rest to stay alive. That’s what all doctors thought, until they heard about Al Herpin. Al Herpin, it was said, never slept. Could this be true? The doctors decided to see this strange man themselves.

Al Herpin was 90 years old when the doctors came to his home in New Jersey. They thought for sure that he got some sleep of some kind. So they stayed with him and watched every movement he made. But they were surprised. Though they watched him hour after hour and day after day, they never saw Herpin sleeping. In fact, he did not even own a bed. He never needed one.

The only rest that Herpin sometimes got was sitting in a comfortable chair and reading newspapers. The doctors were puzzled by this strange continuous sleeplessness. They found only one answer that might explain his condition. Herpin remembered some talk about his mother having been injured several days before he was born. But that was all. Was this the real reason? No one could be sure.

Herpin died at the age of 94.

6.

Amongst the most popular books being written today are those that are usually as science fiction. Hundreds of titles are published every year and are read by all kinds of people. Furthermore, some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories.

It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature, but its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago. These books were often concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society, a theme that is still often found in modern stories.

Most of the classics of science fiction, however, have been written within the last one hundred years. Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H. G. Wells, to mention just two well-known authors, have been translated into many languages.

Modern science fiction writers don’t write about Mars or space adventure stories. They are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on society and the human mind; or in imagining future worlds which are a reflection of the world that we live in now. Because of this their writing has obvious political undertones.

In an age of where science fact frequently overtakes science fiction, the wr

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