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2015年職稱英語考試綜合類A級閱讀判斷鞏固練習(xí)題4

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Disease, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention

Disease may be defined as the abnormal state in which part or all of the body is not properly adjusted or is not capable of carrying on1 all its required functions. There are marked variations in the extent of the disease and in its effect on the person.

In order to treat a disease, the doctor obviously must first determine the nature of the illness —that is, make a diagnosis2. A diagnosis is the conclusion drawn from a number of facts put together. The doctor must know the symptoms, which are the changes in body function felt by the patient; and the signs (also called objective symptoms) which the doctor himself can observe. Sometimes a characteristic group of signs (or symptoms) accompanied a given disease. Such a group is called a syndrome. Frequently certain laboratory tests are performed and the results evaluated3 by the physician in making his diagnosis.

Although nurses do not diagnose, they play an extremely valuable role in this process by observing closely for signs, encouraging the patient to talk about himself and his symptoms, and then reporting this information to the doctor. Once the patient’s disorder is known, the doctor prescribes a course of treatment, also referred to as therapy4. Many measures in this course of treatment are carried out by the nurse under the physician’s orders.

In recent years physicians, nurses and other health workers have taken on increasing responsibilities in prevention5. Throughout most of medical history, the physician’s aim has been to cure a patient of an existing disease6. However, the modern concept of prevention seeks to stop disease before it actually happens — to keep people well through the promotion of health. A vast number of organizations exist for this purpose, ranging from the World Health Organization (WHO) on an international level down to local private and community health programs7. A rapidly growing responsibility of the nursing profession is educating individual patients toward the maintenance of total health — physical and mental.

詞匯：

marked /mɑ?kt/ adj.顯著的

syndrome /'s?ndr??m/ n.綜合征，癥候群

symptom /'s?m(p)t?m/ n.癥候，癥狀

therapy /'θer?p?/n. 療法，治療

sign /sa?n/n. 病體；體征

注釋：

1. carry sth. on：繼續(xù)；進行；維持下去

2. make a diagnosis：做出診斷

3. ...the results evaluated…：此句中在evaluated之前省略了與前面are performed相同的助動詞are。

4.also referred to as therapy：也被稱為療法（過去分詞短語作a course of treatment的定語）refer to...：談及，提及

refer to sth. /sb. as...：把……稱為……

例如：Don’t refer to the matter again.不要再提這件事了。

We refer to such a science as physiology.我們把這樣一門科學(xué)稱為生理學(xué)。

Don’t refer to your brother as a silly cow.不要把你兄弟說成是頭笨牛。

5.have taken on increasing responsibilities in prevention：在預(yù)防方面承擔(dān)越來越多的責(zé)任take sth. on：承擔(dān)，接受

You have taken on too much.你承擔(dān)的工作太多了。

6. to cure a patient of an existing disease：治療病人的現(xiàn)有疾病cure sb. of...：給某人治療（或治愈）某病

例如：This medicine should cure you of your cold.此藥準(zhǔn)能治好你的感冒。

7. ranging from... health programs：從國際這一級的世界衛(wèi)生組織一直到下面地區(qū)的私人和社區(qū)醫(yī)療機構(gòu)（現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語）

range from... to...：從……到……的范圍（分布或變動）

The children’s ages range from 5 to 15.這些孩子小的5歲，大的15歲。

Its prices range from twenty to thirty dollars.價錢從20美元到30美元不等。

練習(xí)：

1. By disease it means the condition in which one or more parts of the body fail to function properly.