為了方便廣大考生順利通過2014年自考，小編特將其整理成一個匯總。希望廣大考生在考試時能用到這些資料。

重點單詞擴充講解：

1. organizational: a 組織上的

由此我們可以聯(lián)想到：organize: v 組織; organization: n 組織; organizer: n 組織者

請看下列習題，選擇該組詞里恰當的詞填空：

1). Last week, our school ________ a spring outing.

2). The task calls for the highest _________ skill.

3). China has joined World Trade __________.

4). He is the __________ of the speech contest.

Answers: organized, organizational, Organization, organizer

2. objective: n 目標; a 客觀的，反義詞subjective: 主觀的

3. predict: v 預言、預示;

由此我們可以聯(lián)想到：prediction: n 預言; predictable: a 可預測的; predictor: n 預言家

4. simplify: v 簡化

由此我們可以聯(lián)想到：simple: a 簡單的; simply: ad 簡單地，僅僅地; simplification: n 簡化; simplified: a 被簡化的。

Exercises for the above words:

1). The machine is _____ in operation but complex in structure.

2). Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet in the original is beyond our capacity while ____ edition is quite easy.

3). There is no point in arguing about it, because it is _______ a question of procedure.

4). The ______ of working process freed the workers fro heavy labor.

Answers: simple; simplified; simply; simplification

5. tendency: n 趨勢、傾向;tend : v 傾向于…， tend to do sth

e.g. old people have the tendency of getting fatter.

Or old people tend to get fatter.

6. managerial: a 經理的、經營上的;

由此我們可以聯(lián)想到：manage: v管理、經營; management: n; manager: n 經營者，管理者; manageable: a 可管理的、可經營的。

7. argue: v 爭辯、爭論，常用固定搭配：argu with sb about/over sth由于某事而同某人爭論; argue sb into doing sth說服某人做某事; argue sb out of doing sth說服某人不要做某事。

e.g. 1>. The young couple always argue with each other over their child’s

education.

2>. I argued him out of going on such a dangerous journey.

8. define: v 給…下定義; definition: n 定義

9. profitability: n 賺錢， 獲利

由此我們可以聯(lián)想到：profit: n 利潤; profitable: a 有利可圖的, 有好處的;

profitless: a 沒有利潤的。

1). He has made a _____ from running a small restaurant.

2). The deal was ______ to all of us.

3). They valued _______ differently, which led to disagreement as to the correctness of decision.

Answer: profit, profitable; profitability.

10. correctness: n 正確性; 字根：correct: a 正確的; v 糾正， correction: n 糾正; incorrect: a 不正確的。

11. unintended: a 非計劃中的，

由此我們可以聯(lián)想到：intend: v 打算，計劃;intention: n ; intended: a 計劃中的

課文難句講解、分析

1. A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available.(p1)

譯：決策就是從幾種可以選擇的做法中作出選擇。

分析：該句是主系表結構。made from among alternative courses of action that are available是過去分詞短語做定語修飾a choice; 其中that are available是定語從句修飾courses of action.

像這樣一環(huán)修飾一環(huán)的句子結構在英文中很普遍，因此為了看懂句子大家必須學會分析。這是整個英語學習過程中很重要的能力!

2. The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists, goals or objectives are wrong, or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them. (p1)

譯：做出決策的原因是因為存在問題，目標或目的有錯誤，或者有某種東西防礙著它們的實現(xiàn)。

分析：該句又是主系表結構。That引導三個并列的表語從句，①a problem exists，②goals or objectives are wrong;③something is standing in the way of accomplishing them。 短語：make a decision:做出決策;stand in the way: 阻擋、防礙

3. Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance, but since uncertainty is always there, risk accompanies decisions. (p2)

譯：通常管理者必須對未來的情況做出最佳預測，從而使偶然性盡可能少地發(fā)生，但因為不確定性總是存在，所以決策常伴隨著風險。

分析：前半句是主謂賓結構。what the future will be是at的賓語;as little as possible做leave的賓語;since引導原因狀語從句，相當于because.

4. If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made. (p3)

譯：如果沒有選擇，就不會有決策。

分析：這是一句很簡單的條件狀語從句，但它有一個很重要的考點：to be made。這是動詞不定式做定語修飾decision，有將來意味。比如：The last question to be discussed today is how to divide the work among ourselves.

5. For managers, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like. (p3)

譯：對于管理者而言，每次決策都受到政策、程序、法律以及慣例等因素制約。

分析：這句話的考點是based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like。同樣是過去分詞短語做定語修飾constraints。其中詞組：base…on以…為基礎。 如：The film is based on s short story by Jack London.

6. But the tendency to simplify blinds them to other alternatives. (p4)

譯：但是這種簡化的傾向使得他們看不到其他可供選擇的方法。

分析：該句主語the tendency to simplify，謂語blinds; them是賓語。to simplify是定語，修飾the tendency;to other alternatives是賓補。其中短語：blind sb to sth:使…看不見…;

we shouldn’t let our prejudices blind us to the facts.

7. Because individuals (and organizations) frequently have different ideas about how to attain the goals, the best choice may depend on who makes the decision. (p6 line 4--6)

譯：因為個人(和組織)關于如何達到目的常有不同的觀點，哪種是最優(yōu)的選擇可能要看是誰做出決策。

分析：這是一個由because引導的原因狀語從句。其中how to attain the goals做介詞about的賓語，who makes the decision做介詞on的賓語。

8. Some of these objectives are more important than others, but the order and degree of importance often vary from person to person and from department to department. (p7 line 2--4)

譯：其中有一些目標比其它的更重要，但其順序和重要程度因人和不同的部門而異。

分析：請注意比較級more important than，詞組：vary from person to person譯成中文：因人而異，可以推出：因季節(jié)而異vary from season to season….

9. When presented with a common case, sales managers tend to see sales problems, production managers see production problems, and so on. (p7 line 5--7)

譯：當面對同一件日常事情時，銷售經理傾向于看銷售問題，而生產經理則會看生產相關的問題，等等。

分析：前半部分為?？純热?，它是when + 過去分詞短語，構成時間狀語部分。其中詞組：

be presented with = be faced with當面對…

When faced with difficulties, we should be brave..

10. People often assume that a decision is an isolated phenomenon. (p9)

譯：人們經常假設一項決策是孤立的現(xiàn)象。

分析：句子結構簡單：主謂賓(從句)。其中assume: = imagine; isolated: adj 孤立的。

phenomenon: n 現(xiàn)象;復數變化較特殊：phenomena|　重點單詞、詞組詳講

1. interview: n/v 采訪、面試;interviewer: n 采訪者; interviewee: n 被采訪者

e.g. 1>. Who's the most famous person you've ever interviewed on TV?

2>. In a TV interview last night, she denied she had any intention of resigning.

2. criticism: n 批評，評論; criticize: v 批評; critical: a 批評的、挑剔的、關鍵的;critic: n 評論家, 請?zhí)钐羁础?/p>

1> He is a literary ______.

2> We are at a _______time in our history.

3> He can't take ________.

4> The boy was ______ by his father for being late for school.

Answers: critic, critical, criticism, criticized

3. indifference: n 冷漠、漠不關心;indifferent: a 冷漠的，反義詞：enthusiastic: 熱情的

cf: different: a 不同的，名詞：difference; 反義詞：same.

4. inefficiency: n 無效，由此聯(lián)想得到：

efficient: a 高效率的; efficiency: n inefficient: a 低效率的

5. conservative: a 保守的、保存的; conserve: v 保存; conservation: n

6. apply to sb for sth: 向某人申請某物

e.g. The student applied to the embassy for a visa.

7. take the trouble to do sth: 不辭勞苦、費力地做某事

e.g. If you took the trouble to listen to what I was saying, you'd know what I was talking about.

8. put oneself in somebody's place: 設身處地…

If you put yourself in your mother's place, you will understand why she is so worried about you.

9. in hand: 手頭上有，進行中

I've got enough money in hand to buy a new car.

10. turn down: 調小，降低，拒絕

Turn down the TV, for the baby is sleeping.

He turned down the job because the pay isn't good enough.

課文難句分析

1. The key words here are preparation and confidence, which will carry you far. (p2)

譯：這里的關鍵詞是準備和自信，它們將使你前程遠大。

分析：which will carry you far非限定性定語從句，修飾preparation and confidence。另外請注意：key關鍵的;preparation是prepare的名詞;confidence: n 信心。Confident: a 有信心的;self-confidence: 自信心。

2. Find out all you can about the job you are applying for and the origination you hope to work for. (p4)

譯：了解你所申請的工作和你希望為之工作的組織。

分析：you are applying for定語，修飾the job; you hope to work for定語修飾the origination。詞組：apply to sb for sth向某人申請什么。

3. It shows an unattractive indifference to your employer and to your job. (p6)

譯：它表明你對雇主和你的工作的態(tài)度冷漠，不感興趣。

分析：it主語;shows謂語;an unattractive indifference賓語;to your employer and to your job間接賓語。Show sth to sb=show sb sth.另外，請注意：indifference: 冷漠，漠視。

4. He wants somebody who is hard-working with a pleasant personality and a real interest in the job. (p7)

分析：who is hard-working with a pleasant personality and a real interest in the job全部都是定語，修飾somebody。注意介詞with表示帶有。。; have interest in sth對…有興趣。

5. Anything that you find out about the prospective employer can be used to your advantage during the interview to show that you have bothered to master some facts about the people who you hope to work for. (p8)

譯：你找到的任何有關未來雇主的信息在面試中都能為你所用，以表示你費了心思去掌握一些關于你希望為其工作的人的事實。

分析：從這個句子的長度大家也能看出這是一個復雜句。主體結構為：anything can be used to your advantage. that you find out about the prospective employer是定語從句;during the interview狀語;to show that you have bothered to master some facts about the people who you hope to work for是目的狀語;who you hope to work for是另外一個定語從句修飾the people. 詞組：to your advantage: 對你有利;work for sb為某人工作。

6. Do not be afraid to ask for clarification of something that has been said during the interview if you want to be sure what was implied, but do be polite. (p10)

譯：面試中如果你想確切地知道某些話的含義，不要害怕請對方解釋清楚，但一定要有禮貌。

分析：基本句型：not be afraid to do sth; 不要害怕去做某事;ask for clarification要求澄清;that has been said during the interview定語，修飾something; what was implied賓語;do be polite: 其中do為了強調，如：do be careful! I do love you! He does lie to us!

7. Have the letter inviting you for an interview ready to show in case there is any difficulty in communication. (p16)

譯： 拿著邀請你面試的通知書，以防萬一交談出現(xiàn)困難時顯示。

分析：這是一個祈使句。Have動詞，拿著;the letter賓語;inviting you for an interview現(xiàn)在分詞做定語;ready to show狀語;in case there is any difficulty in communication條件狀語從句;詞組：there is some difficulty in sth/doing sth在…方面有困難。如：We have some difficulty speaking English fluently.

8. There is little likelihood that a panel of five wants to go through the process of all shaking hands with you in turn. (p20)

譯：由五個人構成的專門小組幾乎不可能輪流與你握手。

分析：這句話的重點在于that a panel of five ants to go through the process of all shaking hands with you in turn是一個同位語從句，是對little likelihood的解釋。其中：likelihood: n 可能性，相當于possibility; go through經歷; in turn:輪流。

9. Would you mind rephrasing the question, please? (p23)

譯：您介意換個說法來問這個問題嗎?

分析：考點mind doing sth. 如： Would you mind turning down the TV?

語法：介紹as的相關用法

as是一個乍一看簡單，但實際在英語中用法很復雜的小詞。從詞類上講，可以用作介詞、副詞、連詞以及關系代詞;從語法功能角度來看，可以構成介詞賓語，引導原因狀語從句，時間狀語從句，方式狀語從句，讓步狀語從句，比較狀語從句和定語從句。此外as還出現(xiàn)在很多固定搭配中，如： as if, as though, as long as, as to, as for, so as to, etc.

請看下列例句,并請分析出as的具體用法。

1. I work as an English teacher in a middle school.

2. Run as fast as you can.

3. Young as he is, he knows more than I.

4. Just as I was leaving, the telephone rang.

5. Please do as I have told you.

6. As I am the oldest child in my family, I must take care of the other children.

7. Such people as you have described are rare now

編輯推薦：

2014年自考英語（二）章節(jié)輔導

2014年自考英語二章節(jié)復習資料匯總

2014年自考《英語(二)》模擬試卷及答案匯總

更多關注：考試報名 考試培訓 成績查詢 考試教材

（責任編輯：lqh）

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